Optimal design of modular cogeneration plants for hospital facilities and robustness evaluation of the results

Gimelli, Alfredo; Muccillo, Massimiliano; Sannino, Raniero

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2016.12.027

Cited by 56 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Figure 1 is depicted by using given data of heat outputs and power outputs of a typical cogeneration unit in which the efficiency of the unit cannot be known as observing the figure but its performance can be evaluated by using a fuel cost function. The observation from Figure 1 in [27] and Figure 5 in [28] can indicate that efficiency of the cogeneration unit is complicated for calculation. In fact, the efficiency is directly influenced by thermal efficiency and heat efficiency, and it is also related to power output and heat output.…”

Section: Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Novel Method for Economic Dispatch of Combined Heat and Power Generation

et al. 2018

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The paper proposes a modified Bat algorithm (MBA) for searching optimal solutions of Economic dispatch of combined heat and power generation (CHPGED) with the heat and power generation from three different types of units consisting of pure power generation units, pure heat generation units and cogeneration units. The CHPGED problem becomes complicated and big challenge to optimization tools since it considers both heat and power generation from cogeneration units. Thus, we apply MBA method with the purpose of enhancing high quality solution search ability as well as search speed of conventional Bat algorithm (BA). This proposed approach is established based on three modifications on BA. The first is the adaptive frequency adjustment, the second is the optimal range of updated velocity, and the third is the retained condition of a good solution with objective to ameliorate the search performance of traditional BA. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is evaluated by testing on 7, 24, and 48 units systems and IEEE 14-bus system and comparing results with BA together with other existing methods. As a result, it can conclude that the proposed MBA method is a favorable meta-heuristic algorithm for solving CHPGED problem.Energies 2018, 11, 3113 2 of 27 is a major challenge for the optimization tools for finding optimal solutions satisfying all constraints exactly and reducing total fuel cost effectively.Over several decades, the authors in [2][3][4][5][6][7] have introduced different methods to solve the CHPGED. The Newton [2] and Lagrange relaxation (LR) [3] methods are two of those methods that were first applied to solve the CHPGED issue. However, they have a common main disadvantage of being limited when dealing with a large-scale system. In order to overcome this disadvantage, the authors in [4] have proposed the combined method between the augmented Lagrange and Hopfield network (ALHN). As a result, a very good solution with a short computation time is obtained. In order to reduce the number of iterations and the loop time by speeding up the computation, the authors of [5] have presented the novel direct search (NDS) method based on a successive refinement search technique. The Newton method and other methods such as ALHN and NDS can solve nonlinear constrained optimization problems but Lagrange relaxation (LR) cannot deal with the issue. Thus, ref.[6] has proposed the combination of sequential quadratic programming (SQP) and LR, called SQP-LR method. In the method, SQP could solve nonlinear constraints successfully while LR could find optimal solution satisfying all remaining constraints. Unlike SQP-LR, meta-heuristic algorithms can solve non-linear problems simply and successfully although they do not need to use SQP method. LR with surrogate sub-gradient technique (LR-SST) [7] has been developed by using the main search function of LR and the updating function of SST. LR has also been used for the same purpose as the methods in [3,6] while SST has been used to calculate the values of Lagrange multipliers...

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Section: Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the new velocity needs to be checked by the optimal range of the velocity as mentioned in Equations (26) and (27). The constraint for this velocity can be described by:…”

Section: Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Method for Economic Dispatch of Combined Heat and Power Generation

et al. 2018

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“…In addition, the optimization methodology has a great influence on the operation results, and its resolution process generally seems as a nonlinear constraint problem. The choice of model design [20], robust design [21] and optimization algorithm [22], all seem to have quite an effect on the efficiency of the solution during the resolution process. A mixed-integer linear programming model is built in [23], that could get the optimal design of hybrid energy generation systems with multiple loads, and some additional equations about the energy flow are included in the model to guarantee the effectiveness of the optimization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Scheduling of Integrated Energy Systems with Combined Heat and Power Generation, Photovoltaic and Energy Storage Considering Battery Lifetime Loss

et al. 2018

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Integrated energy systems (IESs) are considered a trending solution for the energy crisis and environmental problems. However, the diversity of energy sources and the complexity of the IES have brought challenges to the economic operation of IESs. Aiming at achieving optimal scheduling of components, an IES operation optimization model including photovoltaic, combined heat and power generation system (CHP) and battery energy storage is developed in this paper. The goal of the optimization model is to minimize the operation cost under the system constraints. For the optimization process, an optimization principle is conducted, which achieves maximized utilization of photovoltaic by adjusting the controllable units such as energy storage and gas turbine, as well as taking into account the battery lifetime loss. In addition, an integrated energy system project is taken as a research case to validate the effectiveness of the model via the improved differential evolution algorithm (IDEA). The comparison between IDEA and a traditional differential evolution algorithm shows that IDEA could find the optimal solution faster, owing to the double variation differential strategy. The simulation results in three different battery states which show that the battery lifetime loss is an inevitable factor in the optimization model, and the optimized operation cost in 2016 drastically decreased compared with actual operation data.Energies 2018, 11, 1676 2 of 21 gas, and on the energy demand side, it supplies kinds of energy to users, such as heating and electricity. However, as a complex hybrid energy system, a couple of meaningful topic need to be considered integrally, firstly the inherent fluctuation of renewable energy (RE) sources has a severe influence on the overall operation of the IES, both technically and economically, as the inherent volatility and intermittency of RE leads to difficulties in the economic scheduling of IES while providing multiple load supply. The arguments are mainly about the fact that the renewable energy generation cannot be dispatched flexibly while maintaining a certain reliability. Thus it cannot be avoided that a large amount of spare capacity must be provided to ensure the system reliability, and booming techniques such as energy storage systems (ESSs) and gas turbines are widely utilized due to their characteristics of stable output as well as speedy response [6]. However, it is inevitable that the cost would increase with the addition of components in systems, which obviously impacts the overall economy of the IES. The integrated energy system generally consists of electric, thermal and other energy subsystems. Due to the distinct characteristics and utilization scale, the difficulty of research comparing different subsystems it greatly enhanced. Gas turbines (GTs) as a rising energy hub, can convert energy from different subsystems, and are considered to be a reliable integrated energy unit, since according to the different forms of energy demand, GTs could form a combined cooling, heating a...

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“…The components of molten aluminum are described in Table 1. Bridgman furnace [10], and reciprocating gas engines [11], have been done. Investigation of influencing factors to heat flux profile is significant work for human controlling combustion process.…”

Section: Furnace With Regenerative Burnersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Properly understanding heat flux characteristics in the furnace are of great importance for improving combustion [5,6]. More and more studies about heat flux profile in industrial facility, such as circulating fluidized bed boiler [7,8], solar furnace [9], Bridgman furnace [10], and reciprocating gas engines [11], have been done. Investigation of influencing factors to heat flux profile is significant work for human controlling combustion process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Heat Flux Profiles in Aluminum Reheating Furnace with Regenerative Burner

Zhang

Deng

2017

Energies

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Properly understanding heat flux characteristics is a crucial prerequisite to efficiently applying a regenerative burner in an aluminum reheating furnace. A series of experiments was conducted in this study in order to establish a database of the best available burners according to furnace temperature, excess air ratio, and flame combustion mode as they affect heat flux characteristics at the burner plane (Z = 0 mm). A heat flux model was developed to estimate heat transfer in the furnace, and the heat flux proportions of the other two horizontal levels (Z = 400 mm and Z = 750 mm) were investigated. The contour profile of heat flux indicates that total heat flux (THF) and radiation heat flux (RHF) increases with furnace temperature increment (900-1100 • C). Low excess air ratio (1.2-1.3, at furnace temperature 1100 • C) not only reduced the heat flux gradient, but also contributed to enlarge high THF areas and the maximum RHF. The flameless combustion mode displayed larger average THF and RHF uniformity than that of conventional combustion mode. Therefore, the burning effect of operating condition 1 (gas velocity, 90 m/s; excess air ratio, 1.2; flameless combustion) is better than the other conditions. A change of furnace temperature and excess air ratio had mildly effect on convection coefficient, but combustion mode was in contrast. The estimated heat flux distribution from the measured heat flux at the whole burner plane was in agreement with the fitted line of the axis of burner B. Although the intercept of the simulated equation was slightly underestimated, the error can be eliminated by improving the experimental conditions. The results presented here similarly apply to all regenerative burners. A comparison of heat flux among the three horizontal levels indicated that the RHF proportion comprised about 80% of the THF at each level, and a slightly increase (21.1 kW/m 2 ) of THF in the high level from the low levels.

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Optimal design of modular cogeneration plants for hospital facilities and robustness evaluation of the results

Cited by 56 publications

References 27 publications

A Novel Method for Economic Dispatch of Combined Heat and Power Generation

A Novel Method for Economic Dispatch of Combined Heat and Power Generation

Optimal Scheduling of Integrated Energy Systems with Combined Heat and Power Generation, Photovoltaic and Energy Storage Considering Battery Lifetime Loss

Evaluating Heat Flux Profiles in Aluminum Reheating Furnace with Regenerative Burner

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