Optimal design of hybrid wind/photovoltaic electrolyzer for maximum hydrogen production using imperialist competitive algorithm

Abstract

The rising demand for high-density power storage systems such as hydrogen, combined with renewable power production systems, has led to the design of optimal power production and storage systems. In this study, a wind and photovoltaic (PV) hybrid electrolyzer system, which maximizes the hydrogen production for a diurnal operation of the system, is designed and simulated. The operation of the system is optimized using imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA). The objective of this optimization is to combine the PV array and wind turbine (WT) in a way that, for minimized average excess power generation, maximum hydrogen would be produced. Actual meteorological data of Miami is used for simulations. A framework of the advanced alkaline electrolyzer with the detailed electrochemical model is used. This optimal system comprises a PV module with a power of 7.9 kW and a WT module with a power of 11 kW. The rate of hydrogen production is 0.0192 mol/s; an average Faraday efficiency of 86.9 percent. The electrolyzer works with 53.7 percent of its nominal power. The availability of the wind for longer periods of time reflects the greater contribution of WT in comparison with PV towards the overall throughput of the system.

Compensation of voltage sag and voltage interruption using DVR‐PV based on fuzzy‐adaptive controller

“…Solar cell is basically a p‐n junction diode and its equivalent circuit can be represented similar to what is shown in Figure , where Rs is a very small series resistance and Rsh is a large parallel resistance. This model represents single diode model of a PV cell and equivalent circuit of a practical PV, including serried and parallel resistances …”

“…DG sources like photovoltaic cells can be used as DC link supply of power quality compensator due to their DC nature. Different models of PV cells designed and impact of radiation and temperature variations are considered in their design . These models can be used as a PV power generator with wind energy, fuel cells, and small hydraulic systems by creating suitable links and controllers.…”

Energy Efficiency Based Control Strategy of a Three-Level Interleaved DC-DC Buck Converter Supplying a Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer

“…From Equation (6) giving the hydrogen production rate, Faraday's efficiency is a key parameter. Indeed, it describes the ratio between the produced quantity of hydrogen (H 2 ) and the theoretical hydrogen quantity which could be generated taking into consideration the electrical energy at the input of the PEM EL [29]. Generally, the Faraday's efficiency is higher than the energy efficiency (7), since it only takes into consideration the losses due to the gas diffusion [30].…”

“…In contrast to few papers and articles have been published in the literature regarding the investigation of Faraday's efficiency [28,29,[31][32][33][34][35], the Faraday's efficiency is assumed to be equal to one in this work.…”

Regenerative energy management of electric drive based on Lyapunov stability theorem

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