Optimal Design of Hybrid PV-Battery System in Residential Buildings: End-User Economics, and PV Penetration

Abstract

This paper proposes an optimal design for hybrid grid-connected Photovoltaic (PV) Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs). A smart grid consisting of PV generation units, stationary Energy Storage Systems (ESSs), and domestic loads develops a multi-objective optimization algorithm. The optimization aims at minimizing the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and the Voltage Deviation (VD) while considering the direct and indirect costs for the prosumer, and the system stability with regard to intermittent PV generation. The optimal solution for the optimization of the PV-battery system sizing with regard to economic viability and the stability of operation is found while using the Genetic Algorithm (GA) with the Pareto front. In addition, a fuzzy logic-based controller is developed to schedule the charging and discharging of batteries while considering the technical and economic aspects, such as battery State of Charge (SoC), voltage profile, and on/off-peak times to shave the consumption peaks. Thus, a hybrid approach that combines a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) and the GA is developed for the optimal sizing of the combined Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) and ESSs, resulting in reductions of approximately 4% and 17% for the TCO and the VD, respectively. Furthermore, a sensitivity cost-effectiveness analysis of the complete system is conducted to highlight and assess the profitability and the high dependency of the optimal system configuration on battery prices.

Optimized Charging of PV-Batteries for Households Using Real-Time Pricing Scheme: A Model and Heuristics-Based Implementation

“…Simulation results showed that PV curtailment is the most cost-effective solution. The question of finding the optimal sizing of the PV systems and ESS was studied in [12] using the genetic algorithm. The two main optimization goals of this paper are to minimize both the total cost of ownership (TCO) and voltage deviations.…”

A Hybrid vs. On-Grid Photovoltaic System: Multicriteria Analysis of Environmental, Economic, and Technical Aspects in Life Cycle Perspective

“…It should be underlined that no financial support was included in the economic analysis, therefore the results obtained for DGC and BCR could be improved. The studies devoted to hybrid PV systems indicate that the improvement of the profitability of the hybrid system is possible if the price of battery drops to 250 Euro/kWh in the case of Li-ion batteries [39] but even 1000 Euro/kWh is acceptable [40]. Furthermore, if the weighting factors were different (e.g., weight of economic criteria higher than 40%), or the reliability of grid electricity supply higher, the ranking of profitable solutions would change in favor of on-grid system.…”

Intelligent Energy Management of Electrical Power Systems

“…Based on the proposed model, the system optimization can be achieved regarding the energy management, system design and sizing, as well as the system operation. Using a genetic algorithm with the Pareto front, an optimal design for hybrid photovoltaic (PV)-storage-grid-connected systems is developed in [4]. The optimization minimizes the total cost of ownership and the voltage common bus deviation while considering the direct and indirect costs for the prosumer and highlights the profitability of the optimal system configuration on storage prices.…”