Optimal Design of Electric Vehicle Fast-Charging Station’s Structure Using Metaheuristic Algorithms

Abstract

The fast development of electric vehicles (EVs) has resulted in several topics of research in this area, such as the development of a charging pricing strategy, charging control, location of the charging station, and the structure within the charging station. This paper proposes the optimal design of the structure of an EV fast-charging station (EVFCS) connected with a renewable energy source and battery energy storage systems (BESS) by using metaheuristic algorithms. The optimal design of this structure aims to find the number and power of chargers. Moreover, the renewable energy source and BESS can reduce the impact on the grid, so these energy sources are considered as ones of the optimally-designed structure of EVFCS in this work. Thus, it is necessary to determine the optimal sizing of the renewable energy source, BESS, and the grid power connected to EVFCS. This optimal structure can improve the profitability of the station. To solve the optimization problem, three metaheuristic algorithms, including particle swarm optimization (PSO), Salp swarm algorithm (SSA), and arithmetic optimization algorithm (AOA), are adopted. These algorithms aim to find the optimal structure which maximizes the profit of the EVFCS determined by its net present value (NPV), and the results obtained from these algorithms were compared. The results demonstrate that all considered algorithms could find the feasible solutions of the optimal design of the EVFCS structure where PSO provided the best NPV, followed by AOA and SSA.

A mixed-integer linear optimization problem for highway emergency vehicle routing

“…It uses a stochastic search that accepts worse solutions with a decreasing probability as the search progresses, allowing the algorithm to escape local optima. Particle Swarm Optimization [34][35][36][37][38][39] algorithm is inspired by the social behavior of bird flocks or fish schools. It uses a population of particles that move through the search space and adapt their positions based on their own best experiences and the best experiences of their neighbors.…”

Extended Stochastic Coati Optimizer

“…Metaheuristics are popular in various optimization studies, especially in the engineering field. In studies regarding electric vehicle (EV) systems, metaheuristics have been implemented to optimize the routing problem of the plugin hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) [1], fast charging stations [2], distributed photovoltaic systems [3], and so on. In studies regarding manufacturing systems, metaheuristics have been implemented to optimize the coupling between integrated batch machines and direct shipping trucks [4], reducing risk in the spare part inventory system [5], and so on.…”