Optimal design of a sliding mode AGC controller: Application to a nonlinear interconnected model

Al-Hamouz, Z.; Al-Duwaish, H.; Al-Musabi, Naji A.

doi:10.1016/j.epsr.2011.02.004

Cited by 40 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In the aforementioned research work, some studies make tentative consideration on the GRC problem. In [1,7,8,12], GRC is considered in the simulation, but neglected in the controller design. Therefore, the validity of these methods to deal with GRC lacks theoretical support.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To enhance the robustness and reliability of the control system, some fuzzy-logic-based LFC methods are introduced in [6][7][8][9]. In addition, some advanced control technologies are utilized to improve LFC performance, such as sliding mode methods [10][11][12], optimal or suboptimal feedback control methods [13][14][15][16], and robust control methods [17][18][19]. Considering the delay in the open communication network, the authors in [20][21][22] analyze the influence of time delay on the LFC and present the relevant controller design methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anti-Windup Load Frequency Controller Design for Multi-Area Power System with Generation Rate Constraint

et al. 2016

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Abstract:To deal with the problem of generation rate constraint (GRC) during load frequency control (LFC) design for a multi-area interconnected power system, this paper proposes an anti-windup controller design method. Firstly, an H ∞ dynamic controller is designed to obtain robust performance of the closed-loop control system in the absence of the GRC. Then, an anti-windup compensator (AWC) is formulated to restrict the magnitude and rate of the control input (namely power increment) in the prescribed ranges so that the operation of generation unit does not exceed the physical constraints. Finally, the anti-windup LFC is tested on the multi-area interconnected power systems, and the simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed LFC design method with GRC.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Windup Load Frequency Controller Design for Multi-Area Power System with Generation Rate Constraint

et al. 2016

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“…The present work considers 2 power system models to investigate the performance of the proposed optimized SMC controller. The transfer function block diagram and system parameters of power system model 1 consisting of thermal nonreheat turbines shown in Figure includes conventional parameters such as bias factor ( B k ), integral controller gain ( K ik ), regulation droop ( R k ), governor ( T gk ) and turbine time constants ( T tk ), power system gain ( K pk ), power system time constant ( T pk ), and tie‐line synchronizing coefficients ( T kh ) of area k to area h . The transfer function of thermal nonreheat turbine G tk ( s ), its governor G gk ( s ), and power system load are

G_{tk} ((),, s) = \frac{1}{1 + {sT}_{tk}}

G_{gk} ((),, s) = \frac{1}{1 + {sT}_{gk}}

, and

G_{pk} ((),, s) = \frac{K_{italicpk}}{1 + {sT}_{pk}}

, respectively.…”

Section: Mathematical Modeling Of 2‐area Interconnected Power System mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sliding mode control technique with SMC logic is based on the development of control law that depends on feedback and switching vector gains to minimize the deviations in frequency and tie‐line power more rapidly. The control law for k th area of an LFC‐based power system is given by the following equation:

u_{k} = - ϕ_{km}^{T} x_{m} = - \sum_{m = 1}^{n} ϕ_{km} x_{m}; k = 1, . . ., r; m = 1, . . ., n,

where feedback gains,

ϕ_{km} = ({},, \begin{array}{l} ρ_{italickm} italicif x_{m} ψ_{k} > 0 \\ - ρ_{italickm} italicif x_{m} ψ_{k} < 0 \end{array}),

where u k is input signal to k th area, x m is the state variable vector, ρ km is m th feedback gain constant for k th area, and n is the total number of state variables. The switching hyperplane ψ k is formulated as follows:

ψ_{k} = S_{k}^{T} x_{m} = 0,

…”

Section: Mathematical Modeling Of 2‐area Interconnected Power System mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These algorithms have become a popular choice for solving complex optimization problems because of their flexibility, generality, and ease of use. The GA and PSO techniques although are reported to minimize the chattering but they sometimes get trapped in the local minima . The other algorithms may also suffer from difficulties such as premature convergence and more computational time in case of the large dimension system .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hybridized gravitational search algorithm tuned sliding mode controller design for load frequency control system with doubly fed induction generator wind turbine

Dahiya

Sharma

Naresh

2017

Optim Control Appl Methods

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Summary In this paper, the load frequency regulation problem of 2‐area interconnected power system is resolved using the sliding mode control (SMC) methodology. Interconnected 2‐area power systems with and without doubly fed induction generator wind turbines are considered for implementing the proposed optimal control methodology. Here, a heuristic gravitational search algorithm (GSA) and its variants such as opposition learning–based GSA (OGSA), disruption‐based GSA (DGSA), and disruption based oppositional GSA (DOGSA) are employed to optimize the switching vector and feedback gains of SMC. In order to overcome the inherent chattering problem in SMC, the control signals are considered in the objective function. The robustness of optimized SMC is analyzed by the inclusion of nonlinearities such as generation rate constraint (GRC), governor deadband, and time delay during the signal processing between the control areas, which are present in the real‐time power system. The insensitiveness of the optimal controller is shown by variation in system parameters like loading condition, speed governor constant, turbine constant, and tie‐line power coefficient. Further, the optimal SMC has been studied with significant load variations and wind power penetration levels in the control areas. The potential of proposed SMC design with chattering reduction feature is shown and validated by comparing the results obtained with the other reported methods in the literature.

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Improving frequency regulation of wind‐integrated multi‐area systems using LFA‐fuzzy PID control

Kheshti

Ding

Abyaneh

et al. 2021

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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Summary Due to the complexity and importance of the electricity grid stability, sophisticated control systems and computational approaches are essentially required to solve dynamical system frequency problems in multi‐area systems. Participation of wind turbines in power system frequency control in the form of stepwise inertial control in the presence of a proposed adequately tuned fuzzy‐PID load‐frequency control is investigated in this paper. A two‐area power system is studied in which it is linked through tie‐line and equipped with fuzzy‐PID control systems. To increase the energy transition and flexibility of the entire system against frequency events and parameters uncertainties, the fuzzy‐PID controllers are first tuned using lightning flash algorithm (LFA). The tuned controllers are then used in each area to optimally counterbalance the frequency deviations and the tie‐line power of the interconnected areas against varying load disturbances, wind power fluctuations, and to keep the renewable integrated system in a stable state. The sensitivity analysis is also conducted with a wide range of system parameter variations, uncertainties, and disturbances. Furthermore, the LFA‐tuned fuzzy‐PID load‐frequency control is also tested in a two‐area isolated microgrid, comprising wind turbine, PV panels, fuel cells, micro‐turbine, and diesel engine generator. The results obtained using the proposed approach are compared with other state‐of‐the‐arts algorithms and control systems in the literature. The compared results show the efficiency and robustness of the proposed optimization‐based controller for better frequency control in multi‐area power systems and isolated microgrids. The results also demonstrate that a finely tuned automatic generation controller gives a significant boost to grid frequency control when wind turbines participate in the inertial control, suggesting migration from conventional PID‐based automatic generation control to more adaptive control approaches.

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Optimal design of a sliding mode AGC controller: Application to a nonlinear interconnected model

Cited by 40 publications

References 27 publications

Anti-Windup Load Frequency Controller Design for Multi-Area Power System with Generation Rate Constraint

Anti-Windup Load Frequency Controller Design for Multi-Area Power System with Generation Rate Constraint

Hybridized gravitational search algorithm tuned sliding mode controller design for load frequency control system with doubly fed induction generator wind turbine

Improving frequency regulation of wind‐integrated multi‐area systems using LFA‐fuzzy PID control

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