Optimal design of a pelton turbine nozzle via 3D numerical simulation

Zhang, J; Xiao, Yexiang; Wang, J Q; Zhou, X J; Mao, Xia; Zeng, C J; Wang, S H; Wang, Z W

doi:10.1088/1755-1315/163/1/012066

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Recent studies have estimated that the presence of more pronounced angles tends to increase the velocity of the water jet and consequently its efficiency [16]. Thus, results were compared with respect to two references in the literature [22,32] for 100 % injector needle opening in relation to each configured case. The first shows an efficiency of 95.8 % to 100 % of opening, presenting a difference below 1 % and 1.7 % for the 55° and 60° injector respectively, and above 0.21 % for the 75° injector.…”

Section: Injector Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[18][19][20][21] analyzed the jet flow from the injector opening percentage, showing increases in efficiencies close to 4 % for openings between 60 % and 90 %. Then, [22,23] numerically compared turbine injector performance under varying needle and nozzle angles, concluding better efficiencies at steeper angles. Finally, [24,25] compared the changes in turbine performance with changing geometrical parameters in the injector, confirming that the cause of jet dispersion is mainly due to the injector geometry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CFD analysis of the needle tip angle in Pelton injector on jet quality for the power generation

Taborda¹,

Rio²,

Perez-Alvarez³

et al. 2021

Eureka: PE

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Fossil fuels are energy sources that supply a large part of the world's energy generation. However, they produce greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulates that increase global warming. For this reason, other forms of renewable energy such as hydropower have begun to be implemented through turbomachinery such as Pelton turbines, which significantly reduce these emissions since they are highly efficient turbines based on the use of natural resources (water). Pelton turbines are based mainly on three components for their operation, which are the Pelton injector, the bucket and the wheel. The injector is an important component in the energy transformation of Pelton turbines. Although to analyze its behavior, it is possible to use fluid dynamics (CFD) software to predict the trajectory of the flow through a solid or free surface. The objective of this work is to analyze by means of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) the incidence of the length and the needle tip angle of a Pelton turbine injector on the generated power. For this, an ANSYS 2020R2 computational fluid analysis software was used to study how the variation of the injector needle tip angle influences through the volume of fluid (VOF) method, starting from the generation of a commercial model with a tip angle of 60° and two (2) geometries of 55° and 75° respectively. Numerical results show a better performance for the 75° angle of 96 % and lower for the 55° and 60° with 94.1 % and 95.5 % respectively, whereby steeper angles achieve higher performances. In summary, the present study pretends to increase the power generation, in the face of phenomena occurred in the energy transfer. Although the performance of the injector in each angle configuration must be tested in practice

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Section: Injector Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CFD analysis of the needle tip angle in Pelton injector on jet quality for the power generation

Taborda¹,

Rio²,

Perez-Alvarez³

et al. 2021

Eureka: PE

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“…These components can then be used in hydraulic circuit analysis models in order simulate the performance of entire systems. Such studies were carried out by Zardin et al [22] and Moujaes et al [23], with pressure drops analysed across hydraulic manifolds and hydraulic fittings, respectively, using CFD simulations, whilst studies by Stivala et al [24] and Zhang et al [25] analysed the performance characteristics of Pelton wheel turbine nozzles using multi-phase CFD simulations. In all four cases, CFD proved very useful in understanding the effect of the geometries of particular components on hydraulic performance, leading to good estimates of particular characteristics, which could be used in further analyses of complete systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements and Modelling of the Discharge Cycle of a Grid-Connected Hydro-Pneumatic Energy Storage System

Aquilina,

Sant,

Farrugia

et al. 2024

Energies

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Hydro-pneumatic energy storage is a form of compressed-air energy storage that can provide the long-duration storage required for integrating intermittent renewable energies into electrical power grids. This paper presents results based on numerical modelling and laboratory tests for a kilowatt-scale HPES system tested at the University of Malta. This paper presents measurements of the discharge cycle, in which energy stored in compressed air within a pressure vessel is hydro-pneumatically converted back into electricity via a Pelton turbine and fed into the national electricity grid. The tests were conducted using a hydraulic turbine operated under different fixed-turbine rotational speed settings, with the pressure being allowed to decrease gradually during the HPES system’s discharge cycle. The system’s overall efficiency accounted for flow losses, turbine inefficiencies, and electrical losses. The tests showed that this efficiency was practically independent of the compressed-air pressure of specific water turbine runner speeds, despite the water turbine operating at fixed speeds. A numerical model developed in MATLAB Simulink (R2022a) was also presented for use simulating the hydraulic performance of the system during the discharge cycle. The model used secondary loss coefficients for the hydraulic circuit and derived velocity coefficients from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for the Pelton turbine nozzle. We achieved very good agreement between the predictions based on numerical modelling and the measurements taken during laboratory testing.

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“…The results showed that the higher is the nozzle opening, the higher is the dispersion of the water jet, thus leading to higher hydraulic losses and poor performance of the Pelton bucket. Zhang et al [10] performed a CFD simulation with a spear angle of 70° achieving higher efficiency values compared to the standard 50°-60°. Petley at al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Doppler Anemometry technique to study the flow field in the nozzle and in the water jet of a Pelton turbine

Pisaturo,

Nicolosi,

Gusmerotti

et al. 2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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The constant availability of water from the mountain basins is crucial to feed the hydropower plants that currently represent the most important renewable energy source in many countries, like Italy. The long dry periods that are nowadays registered during the summer periods have imposed the managers of the hydropower plants to operate the machines at very low flow rates, close to the lowest allowed values. In this work we focus our attention on the fluid-dynamics of the water jet of a Pelton machine and of the corresponding nozzle, with particular attention to the low flow-rate ranges. The nozzle has been manufactured in PMMA to be able to study the internal fluid-dynamics using the Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA) technique. The shape of the nozzle has been adapted to limit the laser beam distortion and an algorithm has been implemented to correct the position of the measurement volume and the evaluation of the velocity components. Moreover, a specific measurement layout has been proposed and implemented to be able to study the velocity of the water jet downstream the nozzle and to study the homogeneity of the flow velocity in the jet, which is a crucial characteristic to grant a proper operation of the Pelton runner. The specific set-up of the test bench and the LDA parameters are presented; the signal of the LDA receiver proved to be very consistent and reliable. Moreover, the results of the measurements have been used to validate CFD simulations and to extend the results of the analyses to other operating conditions of the Pelton nozzle

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Optimal design of a pelton turbine nozzle via 3D numerical simulation

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

CFD analysis of the needle tip angle in Pelton injector on jet quality for the power generation

CFD analysis of the needle tip angle in Pelton injector on jet quality for the power generation

Measurements and Modelling of the Discharge Cycle of a Grid-Connected Hydro-Pneumatic Energy Storage System

Laser Doppler Anemometry technique to study the flow field in the nozzle and in the water jet of a Pelton turbine

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