Optimal design and operation of reverse osmosis seawater desalination system for boron removal with economic, energy, and environmental concerns

Graphene oxide functionalized with N-methyl-d-glucamine as a novel sorbent for boron removal from produced and formation waters

“…Since there is no specific regulation for this type of effluent, boron contamination has not yet been recognized as a risk. 3,10 In the current literature, various strategies for removing boron from saline waters are discussed, including reverse osmosis, 11 chemical precipitation, 5 electrocoagulation, membrane filtration, 12 ion exchange, 13 and adsorption. 14,15 Among these methods, adsorption processes can be highlighted for their simplicity and relatively lower cost compared to other methods.…”