This paper studies convex stochastic dynamic team problems with finite and infinite time horizons under decentralized information structures. First, we introduce two notions called exchangeable teams and symmetric information structures. We show that in convex exchangeable team problems an optimal policy exhibits a symmetry structure. We give a characterization for such symmetrically optimal teams for a general class of convex dynamic team problems under mild conditional independence conditions. In addition, through concentration of measure arguments, we establish the convergence of optimal policies for teams with N decision makers to the corresponding optimal policies for symmetric mean-field teams with infinitely many decision makers. As a by-product, we present an existence result for convex mean-field teams, where the main contribution of our paper is with respect to the information structure in the system when compared with the related results in the literature that have either assumed a classical information structure or a static information structure. We also apply these results to the important special case of LQG team problems, where while for partially nested LQG team problems with finite time horizons it is known that the optimal policies are linear, for infinite horizon problems the linearity of optimal policies has not been established in full generality. We also study average cost finite and infinite horizon dynamic team problems with a symmetric partially nested information structure and obtain globally optimal solutions where we establish linearity of optimal policies. Moreover, we also study average cost infinite horizon LQG dynamic teams under sparsity and delay constraints.