Optimal Cost Minimization Strategy for Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles Based on Decision-Making Framework

Abstract

The low economy of fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles is a big challenge to their wide usage. A road, health, and price-conscious optimal cost minimization strategy based on decision making framework was developed to decrease their overall cost. First, an online applicable cost minimization strategy was developed to minimize the overall operating costs of vehicles including the hydrogen cost and degradation costs of fuel cell and battery. Second, a decision making framework composed of the driving pattern recognition-enabled, prognostics-enabled, and price prediction-enabled decision makings, for the first time, was built to recognize the driving pattern, estimate health states of power sources and project future prices of hydrogen and power sources. Based on these estimations, optimal equivalent cost factors were updated to reach optimal results on the overall cost and charge sustaining of battery. The effects of driving cycles, degradation states, and pricing scenarios were analyzed.

Adaptive Parameter Identification of a Fuel Cell System for Health-Conscious Energy Management Applications

“…Several papers have focused on the inclusion of a degradation model to develop a decision-making strategy based on the health state of the power sources [11][12][13][14]. To take some examples, in [11], a PEMFC degradation model based on high load, low load, and load changes has been combined with a MPC.…”

Chance Constrained Optimization for Energy Management in Electric Vehicles

“…E-powertrain of future electric vehicles could consist of energy generation units (e.g., fuel cells and photovoltaic modules), energy storage systems (e.g., batteries and supercapacitors), energy conversion units (e.g., bidirectional DC/DC converters and DC/AC inverters) and an electric machine, which can work in both generating and motoring modes [1][2][3][4][5][6]]. An energy management system is responsible to operate the above-mentioned components in a way that the technical constraints are satisfi ed.…”

“…An energy management system is responsible to operate the above-mentioned components in a way that the technical constraints are satisfi ed. This task should be accomplished by solving an optimization problem, which could aim at minimizing the total operation costs [5]. The optimization problem has been widely addressed by deterministic approaches [7], which take into account the forecasted values of active-reactive load profi le.…”

Real-Time Dynamic Optimal Power Flow in Electric Vehicles Considering the Lifetime of the Components in the E-Powertrain

“…Different types of energy sources (e.g., batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells) can be utilized in electric vehicles to store and provide energy in the e-powertrain through power electronic devices [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The lifetime of the components in the e-powertrain depends on their load profi le [7,8].…”