Optimal Control System of Under Frequency Load Shedding in Microgrid System with Renewable Energy Resources

Madiba, T.; Bansal, R.C.; Justo, Jackson John; Kusakana, K.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-50197-0_3

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…is equation is used in [1,9,22,42]. Other expressions, namely, equation 3, integrate power coefficients and air density and are given in [11,32,36,43]. A more detailed expression is presented in [36,43]: Title, abstract, and keywords: (microgrid OR micro-grid OR "smart building" OR "smart grid") AND ("energy management" OR "energy balance" OR "load balance") AND (optimal OR optimization) Find articles with these terms: (PV OR wind OR solar OR "renewable energy") AND storage Years: 2015-2018…”

Section: Wt-based Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…e most known DGs are diesel generators. P DG , the output power of DGs in [22], is assumed to be proportional to the fuel consumption ϱ DG with a coefficient of proportionality a DG (i.e., fuel consumption coefficients): [43].…”

Section: Distributed Generators (Dgs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, this configuration requires additional safety measures (e.g., frequency stabilization) in addition to having a slightly higher installation cost than that of DC coupled systems. Compared to this latter, only fewer papers have adopted the AC configuration (i.e., [16,21,25,43]). e last and the newest configuration is a hybrid DC-AC coupling bus configuration (Cf.…”

Section: Feed-in-tariff (Fit)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To ensure μ grid stability, the control strategy is sometimes associated to a load management strategy, mainly a load shedding strategy. In [24,43], for instance, the authors resorted to the latter strategy to keep voltage amplitude and frequency working under their predefined limits.…”

Section: Pq Control Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Energy Management Strategies for Smart Green MicroGrid Systems: A Systematic Literature Review

Essayeh

Fenni

Dahmouni

et al. 2021

Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering

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Having neither precise definition nor a commonly accepted scope, the term “MicroGrid” tends to be used differently across researchers and practitioners alike. The management of energy usage within a microgrid is one of the topics that was handled from numerous perspectives. This study presents systematic literature review (SLR) of research on architectures and energy management techniques for microgrids, providing an aggregated up-to-date catalogue of solutions suggested by the scientific community. The SLR incorporated 45 papers selected according to inclusion/exclusion criteria and defined a priori. The selection process was based on an automated search and covered three known digital libraries. The extraction process covers three main questions. (i) The architectures of microgrids including their components, their bus configuration, and the adopted utility grid policy. (ii) The employed methods to ensure an optimal usage of energy under uncertainty. (iii) The confronted challenges and constraints of the suggested strategies. The findings of this SLR indicate a great diversity of methods and a rich background. Finally, the SLR suggests that future research should take into account the uncertainty aspect relating to energy management rather than the direct use of historical data as it is commonly done in most research papers. A sensitivity analysis should be provided in the latter case.

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Section: Wt-based Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Distributed Generators (Dgs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Feed-in-tariff (Fit)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pq Control Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Energy Management Strategies for Smart Green MicroGrid Systems: A Systematic Literature Review

Essayeh

Fenni

Dahmouni

et al. 2021

Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Due to some design difficulties and lack of technologies, the microgrid has not yet matured into being commercialized into large-scale incorporation into the existing electrical networks [10]. There are several challenges regarding the random variation of RERs [11]- [14]. A microgrid can operate efficiently in island mode by actively controlling and driving system behavior from DERs.…”

Section: Gcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of the Optimal Smart Energy Coordination for Microgrid Applications

Mbungu¹,

Naidoo²,

Bansal³

et al. 2019

IEEE Access

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This paper describes an overview of the optimal energy coordination/management approaches for microgrids. The article presents the smart grid environment in conjunction with their technologies into the applications of a microgrid when the energy coordination aims to create power flow stability between the generation and consumption of the electricity. This energy equilibrium is made regardless of a power grid complexity that can contain diverse load demands and distributed energy resources (DERs), including renewable energy system (RES), energy storage system (ESS), electric vehicle (EV), etc. A microgrid often contains an energy mix system that requires three control levels, namely primary, secondary and tertiary, to optimize the energy cost and behavior of the system operation and exploitation. Based on several DERs, a microgrid can operate in island mode or be connected to the main grid. The energy coordination for both features is to deal with the energy resources uncertainty, the climate impact, to reduce atmospheric pollution deriving from the conventional power grid, and the energy demand growth. Through the smart grid technology, the optimization approaches of this coordination have brought several improvements into the electrical system. Thus, an overview of an intelligent energy management system for microgrid applications is intensively detailed to structure the implementation strategies which aim to coordinate the energy flow of an electrical system optimally.

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Assessment of Malaysia's Large‐Scale Solar Projects: Power System Analysis for Solar PV Grid Integration

Khan

2019

Global Challenges

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carried out via stand-alone system or grid connected via large-scale solar (LSS) PV. LSS PV is a centralized system consisting of PV arrays with a power system network packed with various types of electronic equipment for grid integration. This study focuses on several design parameters that are expected to exhibit significant effect to the performance parameters of the power grid in large-scale centralized grid-connected PV system. [3] Solar photovoltaic energy harvesting is dependent on the photovoltaic effect and physical phenomenon. During daytime, this clean energy is largely available with varying peak sun hour depending on its geographical locations. Studies on the generations profile and its load profiles can greatly reduce the dependence of conventional energy sources in the energy mix. [4] The intermittency, generation-load profiles, and stability issues presented a new challenge in large-scale solar PV integration with the power grid system. This paper will discuss the relevant technical concerns and impact of large-scale PV systems integration on power grid system in the literature review and propose a solution in the research methodology section. Novelty of the WorkThis paper carried out a pilot study on LSS to power integration using real LSS data in Malaysia and taking industry grade solar PV with local contextualization, national grid code in sizing, and design considerations. This paper investigated the current transmission network overloading issue due to the LSS PV penetration into the existing national power grid in Malaysia. The challenge involves the selection of appropriate bus system for analysis and its impact to potential difference variation at each bus. In order to achieve stability in the power system network, this paper also looks into the most significant parameters that greatly affect the potential difference stability and hence proposed a feasible mitigating solution. Thus, an optimized configuration for the integration of LSS PV to the bus of the transmission network for the Malaysia context will form the novelty of this paper.Malaysia targets to become the second-largest producer of solar photovoltaic (PV) in the world by increasing the current output from 12% to 20% in 2020. The government also expects to achieve 45% reduction of greenhouse gas emission by 2030 through renewable energy mainly by solar PV. Large-scale solar (LSS) aims to produce 2.5 GW, which contributes to 10% of the nation's electricity demands. The LSS system is held back by the grid-scale integration, transmission, and distribution infrastructure. Thus, power system analysis is crucial to achieve optimization in LSS to power grid integration. This paper investigates various power system analysis models and recommends an optimized configuration based on Malaysia's LSS scenario. In stage 1, an optimal PV sizing is carried out based on real data of LSS installation in different locations. In stage 2, power analysis is carried out using to analyze the potential difference variation when connected to a nine-bus p...

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Optimal Control System of Under Frequency Load Shedding in Microgrid System with Renewable Energy Resources

Cited by 12 publications

References 51 publications

Energy Management Strategies for Smart Green MicroGrid Systems: A Systematic Literature Review

Energy Management Strategies for Smart Green MicroGrid Systems: A Systematic Literature Review

Overview of the Optimal Smart Energy Coordination for Microgrid Applications

Assessment of Malaysia's Large‐Scale Solar Projects: Power System Analysis for Solar PV Grid Integration

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