Optimal control of environmental conditions affecting lettuce plant growth in a controlled environment with artificial lighting: A review

Ahmed, Hatem Abdel Moniem; Tong, Yuxin; Yang, Qichang

doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2019.12.018

Cited by 102 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…While other authors have found different R-B ratios, in the case of this study (the best 1/3 R-B ratio), which agrees with the results of Li et al [23] for rapeseed, regarding the biomass increased. Likewise, this behavior is similar to what was argued by Ahmed et al [49], which says that this type of spectra promotes plant growth, photosynthetic velocity, and biomass accumulation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Preliminary study of the production of metabolites from in vitro cultures of C. ensiformis

2020

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Background Canavalia ensiformis is a legume native to Central and South America that has historically been a source of protein. Its main proteins, urease, and lectin have been extensively studied and are examples of bioactive compounds. In this work, the effect of pH and light effects on the growth of C. ensiformis were analyzed. Also, the bioactive compounds such as phenols, carotenoids, chlorophyll a/b, and the growth of callus biomass of C. ensiformis from the effect of different types of light treatments (red, blue and mixture) were evaluated. Likewise, the antioxidative activity of C. ensiformis extracts were studied and related to the production of bioactive compounds. For this, a culture of calluses obtained from seeds were carried out. For the light experiments, polypropylene boxes with red, blue, combination (1/3, 3/1 and 1/1 R-B, respectively) lights and white LED were used as control. In each treatment, three glass containers with 25 ml of MS salts containing 0.25 g of fresh callus were seeded. Results The results have shown that the pH of the culture medium notably affects the increase in callogenic biomass. It shows that the pH of 5.5 shows better results in the callogenic growth of C. ensiformis with an average increase of 1.3051 g (198.04%), regarding the initial weight. It was found that the pH 5.5 and the 1/3 R-B LED combination had higher production of bioactive compounds and better antioxidant activity. At the same time, the red-light treatment was least effective. Conclusions It was possible to find the ideal conditions of important growth under conditions of pH and light of C. ensiformis. Likewise, it is evaluated whether the production of compounds of interest, such as phenolic compounds and carotenoids, occurs under these conditions. The highest production of calluses occurs in the 1/3 R-B LED combined light treatment, which showed a significant increase in biomass, followed by B. From this study, it could be demonstrated that C. ensiformis produces compounds such as phenols and carotenoids in vitro culture that are essential for the antioxidant activity of the plant.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Preliminary study of the production of metabolites from in vitro cultures of C. ensiformis

2020

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“…Many species have evolved complex photosensory systems that allow them to react appropriately to their surroundings [ 3 ]. Photosynthesis and many other physiological processes connected to plant development require light as the primary source of energy, and plants are very sensitive to this essential external signal [ 4 ]. Plant survival is largely dependent on light adaptation [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Side Lighting Enhances Morphophysiology by Inducing More Branching and Flowering in Chrysanthemum Grown in Controlled Environment

Yang

Jeong

2021

IJMS

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Light is one of the most important factors that influence plant growth and development. This study was conducted to examine how lighting direction affects plant morphophysiology by investigating plant growth parameters, leaf anatomy, epidermal cell elongation, stomatal properties, chloroplast arrangement, and physiological changes. In closed-type plant factory units, the rooted cuttings of two chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) cultivars, ‘Gaya Glory’ and ‘Pearl Egg’, were subjected to a 10 h photoperiod with a 300 μmol∙m−2∙s−1 photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) provided by light-emitting diodes (LEDs) from three directions relative to the plant including the top, side, and bottom. Compared to the top or bottom lighting, the side lighting greatly enhanced the plant growth, improved the leaf internal structure and chloroplast arrangement, induced small stomata with a higher density, and promoted stomatal opening, which is associated with an increased stomatal conductance and photosynthetic efficiency. It is worth noting that the side lighting significantly enhanced the induction of branching and flowering for both cultivars., The plants grown with side lighting consistently exhibited the greatest physiological performance. We conclude that the lighting direction had a profound effect on the morphophysiological characteristics of chrysanthemum, and that side lighting dramatically promoted their growth and development, especially in their branching and flowering.

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“…In greenhouses, CO 2 fertilization is often set to 800 μmol mol −1 (Nord et al., 2015). However, in the closed system of a PFAL, where plants are cultivated with high yield in modern agriculture, the optimal CO 2 level is 1,000 to 1,500 μmol mol −1 (Ahmed et al., 2020). Nevertheless, we wished to know whether 1,600 μmol mol −1 (slightly above this level) would be appropriate in plant factories.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon dioxide enrichment promoted the growth, yield, and light‐use efficiency of lettuce in a plant factory with artificial lighting

Chen

Mei

et al. 2021

Agronomy Journal

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Lettuce (Latuca sativa L.) is a commercially important crop and a good candidate for production in a plant factory with artificial lighting (PFAL). To explore the influence of CO 2 enrichment (eCO 2 ) on lettuce growth, light-use efficiency (LUE) and various aspects of the growth indicators were specifically assessed. Three CO 2 concentrations ([CO 2 ]): ambient CO 2 (as the control, approximately 400 μmol mol −1 ), approximately double the ambient (DA-CO 2 , 800 ± 50 μmol mol −1 ), and approximately quadruple the ambient (QA-CO 2 , 1600 ± 50 μmol mol −1 ) were applied for 30 d. The results indicated that plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, root length, leaf width, and maximum leaf area were all positively related to [CO 2 ], which illustrated that growth was greater in the treatments with eCO 2 than under ambient CO 2 . The daily average assimilation rate (DAAR), the average dry weight growth rate (GRdw), and yield were also greater for plants grown under DA-CO 2 and QA-CO 2 than under ambient CO 2 (DAAR increased by 25.45% and 42.27%, GRdw increased by 28.76 and 37.55%, and yield increased by 33.65 and 44.16%, respectively). Lightuse efficiency increased by 28.51 and 41.12% for DA-CO 2 and QA-CO 2 compared with ambient CO 2 , respectively. We concluded that eCO 2 has the potential to enhance production as well as light utilization in PFAL. INTRODUCTIONA plant factory with artificial lighting (PFAL) is a closed plant production system where electrical lighting is used for crop production and where the environmental parameters [temperature, humidity, and CO 2 concentration ([CO 2 ])] controlled automatically and precisely, so that plant growth in the fac-Abbreviations: [CO 2 ], CO 2 concentration; Chl, chlorophyll; DA-CO 2 , approximately double the ambient CO 2 (800 ± 50 μmol•mol -1 ); DAAR, daily average assimilation rate; eCO 2 , CO 2 enrichment; GRdw, average dry weight growth rate; LUE, light-use efficiency; PFAL, plant factory with artificial lighting; QA-CO 2 , approximately quadruple the ambient CO 2 (1,600 ± 50 μmol•mol -1 ).This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Optimal control of environmental conditions affecting lettuce plant growth in a controlled environment with artificial lighting: A review

Cited by 102 publications

References 102 publications

Preliminary study of the production of metabolites from in vitro cultures of C. ensiformis

Preliminary study of the production of metabolites from in vitro cultures of C. ensiformis

Side Lighting Enhances Morphophysiology by Inducing More Branching and Flowering in Chrysanthemum Grown in Controlled Environment

Carbon dioxide enrichment promoted the growth, yield, and light‐use efficiency of lettuce in a plant factory with artificial lighting

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