Optimal control of electrical vehicle incorporated hybrid power system with second order fractional‐active disturbance rejection controller

Abstract

This article proposes a novel control methodology employing a fractional‐active‐disturbance‐rejection‐controller for the combined operation of load frequency control and automatic voltage regulator of a hybrid power system. A two area hybrid power system with diverse energy sources like solar‐thermal, conventional‐thermal and wind sources equipped with appropriate system nonlinearities is investigated. In order to ascertain the role of modern‐day electric‐vehicle (EV), the hybrid power system is incorporated with EVs in both the areas. To establish an effective frequency, voltage and tie line power control of the hybrid power system, a second order fractional‐active‐disturbance‐rejection‐controller with fractional‐extended state observer is modeled as secondary controller. Magnetotactic‐bacteria‐optimization (MBO) technique is applied to obtain optimal values of the controller gains and the hybrid system parameters. The robustness of the controller gains is tested under different system parameter changes from their nominal values. In addition, the effect of incorporating a power system stabilizer on the hybrid power system is evaluated. Further, the impact of integrating renewable sources and EVs in the hybrid power system is explored. Moreover, the stability of the hybrid power system is monitored with the inclusion of FACTS device. The developed controller operates encouragingly with reference to system stability, rapidity and accuracy in comparison to testified control strategies available in the literature. The robustness test under load‐perturbation, solar‐insolation, wind input variations also proves the efficiency of MBO optimized second order fractional‐active‐disturbance‐rejection‐controller gains.

Power generation control of restructured hybrid power system with FACTS and energy storage devices using optimal cascaded fractional‐order controller

“…EVs have aided in the development of new grid management services and commodities. Due to their fast response characteristics, system dynamics (frequency/tie‐line power variations) can be greatly reduced 49 . To inspect the EVs role on system dynamics, the restructured power system considered in Section 5.4 is considered for examination.…”

“…To address this issue, frequency is restricted to a range of 10 mHz. The charging/discharging behavior of an EV is connected to its capacity and management, which directly influences the amount of regulatory task to be assigned to the EV 49 . The capacity and mismatch of power‐load determine the regulatory management.…”

“…The charging/discharging behavior of an EV is connected to its capacity and management, which directly influences the amount of regulatory task to be assigned to the EV. 49 The capacity and mismatch of power-load determine the regulatory management. Furthermore, EVs that contribute to regulatory activities require enough time to charge the batteries to the anticipated level.…”

“…Due to their fast response characteristics, system dynamics (frequency/tie-line power variations) can be greatly reduced. 49 To inspect the EVs role on system dynamics, the restructured power system considered in Section 5.4 is considered for examination. The hybrid restructured power system is examined by disconnecting EVs present in the system.…”

Disturbance rejection based fractional order PID controller for system performance improvement of hybrid power system

“…A robust disturbance‐rejection‐based controller for system performance improvement of HPS is discussed in Reference 36. Fractional‐disturbance rejection based control for effective system dynamic control of HPS is demonstrated by Safiullah et al 37 From literature mentioned above, disturbance rejection based controllers and FOC exhibited improved results in comparison to conventional and other advanced controllers 36,37 . Therefore, the authors get motivation to apply a disturbance rejection based fractional order controller in RES and EV based HPS.…”