Optimal channel spacer design for ultrafiltration

Costa, Ana Rita; Fane, Anthony G.; Fell, C.J.D.; Franken, A.C.M.

doi:10.1016/0376-7388(91)80043-6

Cited by 191 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The finite volume cells corresponding to the spacer filaments have zero velocity at their faces (the no-slip boundary condition). The lower left corner of the rectangular test cell corresponds to the origin and the upper right corner corresponds to = , = , = sp .I n our case, = 0 035 m and = 0 025 m. It must be mentioned here that, for spacers with non-equal filament diameters, the thicker filament was always kept adjacent to the bottom face (as done by Da Costa and co-workers [1,5,6] in their study).…”

Section: Governing Equationsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…We model the test cell used by Da Costa and co-workers [1,5,6] in their studies on flux optimization and pressure drop modeling in spacer filled flat sheet membranes using various spacers. The height of the rectangular channel corresponded to the spacer thickness.…”

Section: The Test Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such spacers play a dual role, first, keeping adjacent membrane leaves apart so as to form a feed channel and, second, promoting the mixing between the bulk of the fluid and the fluid element adjacent to the membrane surface so as to keep membrane surface relatively clean. Efficient membrane module performance depends on the efficacy of the spacers to increase mass transport away from the membrane surface so as to reduce concentration polarization by increasing the shear rate at the membrane surface [1]. Net-type spacers of expanded aluminum were first used by Glatzel and Tomaz [2] to study heat transfer and pressure drop.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They claimed that mass transport could be described independently of the type of spacer by a turbulent flow correlation with a power of the Reynolds number (Re) of 0.875. Da Costa and co-workers [1,5,6] systematically studied pressure drop and flux through membranes in flat sheet geometry for various commercially available spacers in the feed channel. They used an HFK-131 polysulfone membrane with a nominal molecular weight cut-off of 5000 Da (Koch Membranes Inc.) and DextranT-300/DextranT-500 as the solute.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CFD simulations for these commercially available spacers used by Da Costa and co-workers [1,5,6] give an insight on the actual fluid flow structure in flow across spacer filled channels. It is shown that the bulk of the fluid does not change direction at each mesh, but that the overall flow path is a function of the spacer filament dimensions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Flow visualization through spacer filled channels by computational fluid dynamics I.☆Pressure drop and shear rate calculations for flat sheet geometry

Karode

Kumar

2001

Journal of Membrane Science

169

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Section: Governing Equationsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: The Test Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Flow visualization through spacer filled channels by computational fluid dynamics I.☆Pressure drop and shear rate calculations for flat sheet geometry

Karode

Kumar

2001

Journal of Membrane Science

169

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Linear scale ultrafiltration

Reis

Goodrich

Yson

et al. 1997

Biotechnol. Bioeng.

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Tangential flow filtration has traditionally been scaled up by maintaining constant the filtrate volume to membrane surface area ratio, membrane material and pore size, channel height, flow path geometry and retentate and filtrate pressures. Channel width and the number of channels have been increased to provide increased membrane area. Several other parameters, however, have not been maintained constant. A new comprehensive methodology for implementation of linear scale up and scale down of tangential flow filtration processes has been developed. Predictable scale up can only be achieved by maintaining fluid dynamic parameters which are independent of scale. Fluid dynamics are controlled by operating parameters (feed flow rate, retentate pressure, fed batch ratio and temperature), geometry (channel length, height, turbulence promoter and entrance/exit design), materials (membrane, turbulence promoter, and encapsulant compression), and system geometry (flow distribution). Cassette manufacturing procedures and tolerances also play a significant role in achieving scale independent performance. Extensive development work in the aforementioned areas has resulted in the successful implementation of linear scale up of ultrafiltration processes for recovery of human recombinant DNA derived pharmaceuticals. A 400‐fold linear scale up has been achieved without intermediate pilot scale tests. Scale independent performance has a direct impact on process yield, protein quality and product economics and is therefore particularly important in the biotechnology industry. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 55: 737–746, 1997.

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Artificial Kidney, Modeling of Transport Phenomena in

Eloot

Verdonck

2006

Wiley Encyclopedia of Biomedical Engineering

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Patients suffering from renal failure can be treated with a renal replacement therapy. Although a possible transplantation is determined by the availability of kidney donors, peritoneal dialysis is only adequate for patients with sufficient remaining renal function. As a third alternative, hemodialysis therapy can be used in which the patient's blood is purified extracorporeally in a hemodialyzer. To have better insight in this blood purification modality, dialyzer geometry, membrane properties, fluid characteristics, and the basic transport phenomena are described. Focused on a hollow fiber dialyzer, an overview is given of models and experiments describing blood and dialysate flow on a macroscopic basis. Also, the physical models handling of microscopic phenomena like concentration polarization and mass transport are described. Finally, in‐house developed CFD (computational fluid dynamics) and experimental models are presented, which aim at optimizing dialyzer geometry by looking more in detail at transport processes and fluid properties inside the dialyzer. First, a macroscopic CFD model to visualize blood and dialysate flow distributions was developed and validated using SPECT (single‐photon emission‐computed tomography) medical imaging. Second, a microscopic numerical model was developed to describe flow and mass transport in a single dialyzer fiber. After model calibration and validation, the impact on solute removal of a variable fiber length and diameter was assessed for small and middle molecules. Also, the model was used to examine the effect of flow maldistribution by implementing the experimental SPECT results.

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Optimal channel spacer design for ultrafiltration

Cited by 191 publications

References 6 publications

Flow visualization through spacer filled channels by computational fluid dynamics I.☆Pressure drop and shear rate calculations for flat sheet geometry

Flow visualization through spacer filled channels by computational fluid dynamics I.☆Pressure drop and shear rate calculations for flat sheet geometry

Linear scale ultrafiltration

Artificial Kidney, Modeling of Transport Phenomena in

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