Optimal batch determination for improved harmonization and prognostication of multi-center PET/CT radiomics feature in head and neck cancer

Abstract

Objective To determine the optimal approach for identifying and mitigating batch effects in PET/CT radiomics features, and further improve the prognosis of patients with head and neck cancer (HNC), this study investigated the performance of three batch harmonization methods. Approach Unsupervised harmonization identified the batch labels by K-means clustering. Supervised harmonization regarding the image acquisition factors (center, manufacturer, scanner, filter kernel) as known/given batch labels, and Combat harmonization was then implemented separately and sequentially based on the batch labels, i.e. harmonizing features among batches determined by each factor individually or harmonizing features among batches determined by multiple factors successively. Extensive experiments were conducted to predict overall survival (OS) on public PET/CT datasets that contain 800 patients from 9 centers. Main results In the external validation cohort, results show that compared to original models without harmonization, Combat harmonization would be beneficial in OS prediction with C-index of 0.687-0.740 vs. 0.684-0.767. Supervised harmonization slightly outperformed unsupervised harmonization in all models (C-index: 0.692-0.767 vs. 0.684-0.750). Separate harmonization outperformed sequential harmonization in CT_m+clinic and CT_cm+clinic models with C-index of 0.752 and 0.722, respectively, while sequential harmonization involved clinical features in PET_rs+clinic model further improving the performance and achieving the highest C-index of 0.767. Significance Optimal batch determination especially sequential harmonization for Combat holds the potential to improve the prognostic power of radiomics model in multi-center HNC dataset with PET/CT imaging.

Development and Validation of Prognostic Models Using Radiomic Features from Pre-Treatment Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Images in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) Patients

“…This study solely relied on radiomics features derived from pre-treatment PET images; however, adopting a multi-omics approach related to HNSCC could improve patient management demonstrating promising results [ 49 , 50 ]. Furthermore, implementing the Combat harmonization tool to address multicenter data variability and accounting for imaging protocol effects may further enhance the performance of the prognostic models [ 51 , 52 ]. Our study involved only a single radiologist for manual tumor segmentation.…”