Optimal adaptive droop control for effective load sharing in AC microgrids

Anvari-Moghadam, Amjad; Shafiee, Qobad; Vasquez, Juan C.; Guerrero, Josep M.

doi:10.1109/iecon.2016.7793515

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Moreover, the restoration function should be activated inline with the MG economic objectives. Therefore, based on the performances of the droop controlled of DGs [32], the stay-state frequency deviation can be formulated by (18):…”

Section: B Ac-power Flow Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal scheduling of distributed energy resources and responsive loads in islanded microgrids considering voltage and frequency security constraints

Vahedipour‐Dahraie

Najafi

Anvari‐Moghaddam

et al. 2018

Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy

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Low inertia of distributed energy resources (DERs), high penetration levels of renewable energy sources (RESs) and load demand variations put the islanded microgrids (MGs) security at risk of instability. This paper proposes a twostage stochastic model for coordination of DERs and responsive loads in islanded MGs with regard to voltage and frequency security constraints. Based on the proposed model, scheduling of the controllable units in both supply and demand sides is done in a way not only to maximize the expected profit of MG operator (MGO), but also to minimize the energy payments of customers under the premise of security and stability of MG. An AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) procedure is also used to study operating condition of the system under uncertainties and to guarantee acceptable nodal voltages and system frequency during different scenarios. The proposed stochastic optimization model is then applied to a typical autonomous MG and its effectiveness is demonstrated through different scenarios under uncertainties in load consumption and renewable energy resources (RESs) productions. Simulation results demonstrate that customers' participation in DR programs have significant effect on the system's performance in terms of voltage and frequency stability. Moreover, optimal coordination of DERs and responsive loads can increase the expected profit of MGO significantly. The effectiveness of the proposed scheduling approach is verified on an islanded MG test system over a 24-h period.Index Terms-Demand response (DR), microgrid (MG), distributed energy resource (DER), voltage and frequency security, renewable energy sources (RESs). DR t j D BIncome of group j of customer at period t after implementing DR programs. ,t j BIncome of group j of customer at period t when the demand is at nominal value. Energy bid submitted by wind unit w (PV v) in period t (cents/kWh).Bid of the up (down)-spinning reserve submitted by DG i in period t (cents/kWh).Bid of the non-spinning reserve submitted by DG i in period t (cents/kWh).Bid of the up (down)-spinning reserve submitted by load j in period t (cents/kWh).Demand of load j in period t (and scenario s) (kW).Demand of load group j after implementing DR programs in period t (kW).Self-elasticity (Cross-elasticity) of load group j. LFMaximum power flow from node n to r (kW). 2I. Introduction Recently, microgrid (MG) idea has been introduced to transform the conventional power systems to a more reliable, economic and environmentally friendly system. The diversified load consumption pattern and availability of power from green distributed energy resources (DERs) cause supply-demand mismatch in MGs. Optimal operation of MGs both technically and economically mainly relies on the coordination between different components including DERs, energy storage systems (ESSs), and responsive loads [1]- [2]. In grid-connected MGs, normally the economic operation is the main objective as there is a stiff-grid on upstream to support the system frequency and voltage at the point of ...

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Section: B Ac-power Flow Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal scheduling of distributed energy resources and responsive loads in islanded microgrids considering voltage and frequency security constraints

Vahedipour‐Dahraie

Najafi

Anvari‐Moghaddam

et al. 2018

Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy

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“…Among the existing methods for PP/EMS, droop-based control strategy is regarded as a dominant method [47][48][49]. This control methodology adopts the behavior of synchronous machines Figure 6.…”

Section: Passive Power/energy Management Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Design and Operation Management of Battery-Based Energy Storage Systems (BESS) in Microgrids

Anvari‐Moghaddam¹,

Dulout

Alonso

et al. 2018

Advancements in Energy Storage Technologies

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Energy storage systems (ESSs) can enhance the performance of energy networks in multiple ways; they can compensate the stochastic nature of renewable energies and support their large-scale integration into the grid environment. Energy storage options can also be used for economic operation of energy systems to cut down system's operating cost. By utilizing ESSs, it is very possible to store energy in off-peak hours with lower cost and energize the grid during peak load intervals avoiding high price spikes. Application of ESSs will also enable better utilization of distributed energy sources and provide higher controllability at supply/demand side which is helpful for load leveling or peak shaving purposes. Last but not least, ESSs can provide frequency regulation services in off-grid locations where there is a strong need to meet the power balance in different operating conditions. Each of the abovementioned applications of energy storage units requires certain performance measures and constraints, which has to be well considered in design phase and embedded in control and management strategies. This chapter mainly focuses on these aspects and provides a general framework for optimal design and operation management of battery-based ESSs in energy networks.

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“…A new SwarmGrid based on self-organized algorithms was presented in [7] in order to smooth load consumption and coordinate distributed energy resources. In [8][9][10], adaptive control strategies were proposed to coordinate the loads demand and power generation with the aims of maximizing the expected profits for customers and microgrid operators, and enhancing the voltage/frequency stability in the microgrid system. The thermostatically controlled load (TCL), as an effective demand response object, consists of electrical heaters, HVAC and refrigerators, which has a great potential for modulating the short-term power consumption profile in order to alleviate the pressure on the utility at the peak time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HVAC-Based Cooperative Algorithms for Demand Side Management in a Microgrid

Ilic

2019

Energies

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The high penetration of renewable power generators and various loads have brought a great challenge for dispatching energy in a microgrid system. Heating ventilation air conditioning (HVAC) system, as a household appliance with high popularity, can be considered as an effective technology to alleviate energy dispatch issues. This paper presents novel distributed algorithms based on HVAC to solve the demand side management problem, where the microgrid system with HVAC units is considered as a multi-agent system (MAS). The approach provides a desirable operating frequency signal for each HVAC based on the power mismatch value occurring on each local bus. It utilizes demand response of the HVAC units to minimize the supply-demand mismatch, thus reducing the quantity and capacity of energy storage devices potentially to be required. Compared with existing approaches focusing on the distributed algorithms under a fixed communication network, this paper addresses a consensus problem under a switching topology by using the Lyapunov argument. It is verified that a jointly strong and connected topology is a sufficient condition in order to achieve an average consensus for a time-varying topology. A number of cases are studied to evaluate the effectiveness of the algorithms by taking into account its power constraints, dynamic behaviors, anti-damage characteristics and time-varying communication topology. Modelling these system interactions has demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed microgrid system.

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Optimal adaptive droop control for effective load sharing in AC microgrids

Cited by 21 publications

References 20 publications

Optimal scheduling of distributed energy resources and responsive loads in islanded microgrids considering voltage and frequency security constraints

Optimal scheduling of distributed energy resources and responsive loads in islanded microgrids considering voltage and frequency security constraints

Optimal Design and Operation Management of Battery-Based Energy Storage Systems (BESS) in Microgrids

HVAC-Based Cooperative Algorithms for Demand Side Management in a Microgrid

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