Optical Waveguides Formed by Proton Irradiation of Fused Silica*†

Schineller, E. R.; Flam, R.P.; Wilmot, D. W.

doi:10.1364/josa.58.001171

Cited by 155 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The damage and modification of the optical properties are directly proportional to the atomic number and fluence of the bombarding ion [19,20]. The LiNb0 3 samples implanted with Ag at fluences of less than 8 x 10 16 /cm 2 were yellow/brown immediately after implantation but turned blue after 1 hr heat treatment at 500°C, whereas a sample implanted at 1.7 x 10 17 /cm 2 remained almost black The gold samples were much darker and changed to a dark purple after heat treatment at temperatures above 700°C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Effects of MeV Ag, Cu, Au and Sn Implantation on the Optical Properties of LiNbO₃

et al. 1997

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We present the results of characterization of linear absorption and nonlinear refractive index of Au, Ag, Cu and Sn ion implantation into LiNbO3. Silver was implanted at 1.5 MeV to fluences of 2 to 17 × 1016/cm2 at room temperature. Gold and copper were implanted to fluences of 5 to 20 × 1016/cm2 at an energy of 2.0 MeV. Tin was implanted to a fluence of 1.6 × 1017/cm2 at 160 kV. After heat treatment at 1000°C a strong optical absorption peak for the Au implanted samples appeared at ∼620 nm. The absorption peaks of the Ag implanted samples shifted from ∼450 nm before heat treatment to 550 nm after 500°C for lh. Heat treatment at 800°C returned the Ag implanted crystals to a clear state. Cu nanocluster absorption peaks disappears at 500°C. No Sn clusters were observed by optical absorption or XRD. The size of the Ag and Au clusters as a function of heat treatment were determined from the absorption peaks. The Ag clusters did not appreciably change in size with heat treatment. The Au clusters increased from 3 to 9 nm in diameter upon heat treatment at 1000°C. TEM analysis performed on a Au implanted crystal indicated the formation of Au nanocrystals with facets normal to the c-axis. Measurements of the nonlinear refractive indices made using the Z-scan method showed that Ag implantation changed the sign of the nonlinear index of LiNbO3 from negative to positive.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Effects of MeV Ag, Cu, Au and Sn Implantation on the Optical Properties of LiNbO₃

et al. 1997

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…and Table 3. with the refractive indices of layer 2 and layer 1 at 1550 nm, obtained from the SE simulations.…”

Section: Table 2 Shows Refractive Index Data Fro 635nm If 1550nm Is mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It proved to be a universal technique for producing waveguides in most optical materials [1]. The first articles reporting fabrication of waveguides by ion implantation were produced in 1968 by proton implantation into fused silica glass [2]. A detailed review on ion-implanted optical waveguides has been published recently [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

M-line spectroscopic, spectroscopic ellipsometric and microscopic measurements of optical waveguides fabricated by MeV-energy N+ ion irradiation for telecom applications

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Irradiation with N+ ions of the 1.5 -3.5 MeV energy range was applied to optical waveguide formation. Planar and channel waveguides have been fabricated in an Er-doped tungsten-tellurite glass, and in both types of bismuth germanate (BGO) crystals: Bi4Ge3O12 (eulytine) and Bi12GeO20 (sillenite). Multi-wavelength m-line spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry were used for the characterisation of the ion beam irradiated waveguides. Planar waveguides fabricated in the Er-doped tungsten-tellurite glass using irradiation with N+ ions at 3.5 MeV worked even at the 1550 nm telecommunication wavelength. 3.5 MeV N+ ion irradiated planar waveguides in eulytine-type BGO worked up to 1550 nm and those in sillenite-type BGO worked up to 1330 nm. According to our previous investigations [7], MeV energy N + irradiations at high fluences resulted in the formation of a barrier layer around the stopping range of the ions. The fluences indicated in Table 1 were appropriate to obtain sufficiently large refractive index difference between the well and the barrier for guiding. The Guest Editor 3) The waveguide losses can be measured by using back-reflection method even for short samples. Any method for ion implanted waveguide has its own advantages and shortcomings. The authors should not expect too much from longer samples. For high-loss waveguides, the surface scattering method reflects sometimes very wrong results.We have made the following modifications to comply with the above request:We added the following sentence to Chapter 6. Conclusion, on page 18 line 5:Besides of the double prism method, propagation losses will be measured by the backreflection method, too. 4) Only showing the modal lines is a not a direct proof for a real waveguide. For some ion implanted waveguides, one can detect beautiful modes, but the light cannot go through the waveguides with a simple end-face coupling system. So what I suggest for the future work is not to make more samples but to first test the propagation (transmission) of light in the waveguide. This can be stated in the Conclusion section.We have made the following modifications to comply with the above request:We added the following sentence before the last sentence of the 6. Conclusion Chapter: 2.Issues raised by Reviewer #2: Firstly the paper is not particularly well written. The introduction does not critically review past studies and as a result it is not clear how this present study is novel or different.Since this article is not a review, detailed discussion of previous art is outside its scope. This article is based on an oral presentation given at Symposium W-Current Trends in Optical and X-Ray Metrology of Advanced Materials for Nanoscale Devices III of the 2012 Spring meeting of the EMRS Society, our aim was to present the following novelties of our results:1. Application of spectroscopic ellipsometry to the quantitative study of (ion beam irradiated) planar optical waveguides 2. Comparison of the spectroscopic ellipsometric results with the predictions of SRIM simu...

show abstract

“…Coherent precipitates serving as recombination centers for vacancies and SIA's. The problem of understanding saturation effects in detail is extremely important as it is the key to producing alloys which are resistant to swelling under LMFBR irradiation (23) conditions. The recent discovery by Johnston and co-workers whether #resent as impurities in the solid or introduced as transmutation products during 'irradiation.…”

Section: Iple Saturation Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Report of the APS summer study on physics problems relating to energy technologies: radiation effects on materials

Vook¹,

Birnbaum²,

Blewitt³

1974

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Optical Waveguides Formed by Proton Irradiation of Fused Silica*†

Cited by 155 publications

References 9 publications

Study of the Effects of MeV Ag, Cu, Au and Sn Implantation on the Optical Properties of LiNbO₃

Study of the Effects of MeV Ag, Cu, Au and Sn Implantation on the Optical Properties of LiNbO₃

M-line spectroscopic, spectroscopic ellipsometric and microscopic measurements of optical waveguides fabricated by MeV-energy N+ ion irradiation for telecom applications

Report of the APS summer study on physics problems relating to energy technologies: radiation effects on materials

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Optical Waveguides Formed by Proton Irradiation of Fused Silica*†

Cited by 155 publications

References 9 publications

Study of the Effects of MeV Ag, Cu, Au and Sn Implantation on the Optical Properties of LiNbO3

Study of the Effects of MeV Ag, Cu, Au and Sn Implantation on the Optical Properties of LiNbO3

M-line spectroscopic, spectroscopic ellipsometric and microscopic measurements of optical waveguides fabricated by MeV-energy N+ ion irradiation for telecom applications

Report of the APS summer study on physics problems relating to energy technologies: radiation effects on materials

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Study of the Effects of MeV Ag, Cu, Au and Sn Implantation on the Optical Properties of LiNbO₃

Study of the Effects of MeV Ag, Cu, Au and Sn Implantation on the Optical Properties of LiNbO₃