Optical tuning of planar photonic crystals infiltrated with organic molecules

El-Kallassi, P.; Ferrini, R.; Zuppiroli, L.; Thomas, Nicolas Le; Houdré, R.; Berrier, Audrey; Anand, Srinivasan; Talneau, A.

doi:10.1364/josab.24.002165

Cited by 38 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…There exist much less studies concerning optical tuning. One can mention the demonstration using photonic LC fibers [9,10], onedimensional [11] or planar [12,13] photonic crystals using absorbing or dye-doped LCs. In these works the resonant interaction of light induces a change of the order parameter, phase transition or surface-mediated bulk realignment.…”

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confidence: 99%

All-optical switching and multistability in photonic structures with liquid crystal defects

Miroshnichenko

Brasselet

Kivshar

2008

Applied Physics Letters

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We demonstrate that one-dimensional photonic crystals with pure nematic liquid-crystal defects can operate as all-optical switching devices based on optical orientational nonlinearities of liquid crystals. We show that such a periodic structure is responsible for a modulated threshold of the optical Fréedericksz transition in the spectral domain, and this leads to all-optical switching and light-induced multistability. This effect has no quasi-statics electric field analogue, and it results from nonlinear coupling between light and a defect mode. PACS numbers:The concept of photonic crystals [1] proposed two decades ago [2,3] brought a new paradigm to achieve light propagation control in dielectric media. In such periodic photonic structures tuning may be achieved by using materials which are sensitive to external fields, including temperature, electric field, or light itself. In this context, nonlinear photonic crystals have retained much attention due to possible enhancement of nonlinear effects [4]. Among various nonlinear optical materials that can be implemented in actual photonic crystal devices, liquid crystals (LCs) have been recognized as an attractive alternative material [5] due to their unique sensitivity to external fields. Since then, many tunable photonic crystal devices based on LC tunability have been suggested and implemented either using complete or partial LC infiltration into the periodic dielectric structure. In the first case, the photonic bandgap is tuned due to refractive index changes of the global structure [6], while in the second case a LC-infiltrated layer or hole generates defect modes whose frequencies are controlled by local refractive index changes of LC [7]. The case of complete infiltration is the most studied one, and it was the first to be demonstrated; it concerns thermal [6] and electrical [8] tunability infiltrated one-, two-and three-dimensional photonic structures with LCs. There exist much less studies concerning optical tuning. One can mention the demonstration using photonic LC fibers [9,10], onedimensional [11] or planar [12, 13] photonic crystals using absorbing or dye-doped LCs. In these works the resonant interaction of light induces a change of the order parameter, phase transition or surface-mediated bulk realignment. However the non-resonant case, where well-known orientational optical nonlinearity of LC takes place [14], has only been explored recently in Ref. [15], where the optical Fréedericksz transition (OFT) was studied in a one-dimensional photonic crystal with a nematic liquid crystal (NLC) defect. It was shown that a NLC having a first-order OFT in the single slab case under linearly polarized excitation could be used as an optical switch and operate as an optical diode when the excitation wavelength matches a defect mode frequency. However, such first-order OFT materials are not common and the calculation was made with liquid crystal PAA [15], which has the nematic phase in the typical range of temperature 120 − 135• C and thus prevents from applicat...

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confidence: 99%

All-optical switching and multistability in photonic structures with liquid crystal defects

Miroshnichenko

Brasselet

Kivshar

2008

Applied Physics Letters

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“…electric field perpendicular and parallel to the hole axis, respectively: see Fig. 5a) and the effective refractive indexes n eff for both the TE and the TM guided modes varies linearly with temperature Ferrini et al, 2004;Mulot et al, 2004;Martz et al, 2005;Ferrini et al, 2006;El-Kallassi et al, 2007). The internal light source (ILS) technique was used to optically characterize the infiltrated PhC structures (Ferrini et al, 2002b).…”

Section: Photonic Crystals and Liquid Crystals 21 Inp-based Planar Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With regard to this issue, we will show how optical measurements as a function of temperature and polarization can yield information on both the hole filling and the molecule orientation Ferrini et al, 2006). In Section 4, we will show how the optical response of PhC devices infiltrated with nematic LCs can be tuned by temperature, electric field and optical irradiation El-Kallassi et al, 2007). In particular, we observe that, in spite of a large amount of research on LC infiltrated PhCs, little has been done on their optical tuning (Maune et al, 2005), even though all-optical switching plays a very important role in the optical communication field (Asakawa et al, 2006) and, as we have briefly discussed above, several other approaches have already been explored to optically tune planar PhCs (Ndi et al, 2005;Raineri et al, 2005;Teo et al, 2006;Tanabe et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Crystals into Planar Photonic Crystals

Ferrini¹

2009

New Developments in Liquid Crystals

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“…Recently, significant progress has been made on post-production tuning of photonic crystals and cavities. As a means of trimming or tuning, complete infiltration of the PC was carried out with materials such as liquid crystals (LC) [3,4,5,6,7,8,9], polymers [10,11,12] and chalcogenide glass [13]. With these methods, it is possible to red-shift the spectral features of the original PC device, since the air inside the holes is replaced with a material with a higher refractive index.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wavelength tuning of planar photonic crystals by local processing of individual holes

Kicken¹,

Alkemade²,

Heijden³

et al. 2009

Opt. Express

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Tuning of the resonant wavelength of a single hole defect cavity in planar photonic crystals was demonstrated using transmission spectroscopy. Local post-production processing of single holes in a planar photonic crystal is carried out after selectively opening a masking layer by focused ion beam milling. The resonance was blue-shifted by enlargement of selected holes using local wet chemical etching and red-shifted by infiltration with liquid crystals. This method can be applied to precisely control the resonant frequency, and can also be used for mode selective tuning. © 2009 Optical Society of AmericaOCIS codes: (000.0000) General.

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Optical tuning of planar photonic crystals infiltrated with organic molecules

Cited by 38 publications

References 23 publications

All-optical switching and multistability in photonic structures with liquid crystal defects

All-optical switching and multistability in photonic structures with liquid crystal defects

Liquid Crystals into Planar Photonic Crystals

Wavelength tuning of planar photonic crystals by local processing of individual holes

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