Optical time-domain reflectometer performance improvement using complementary correlated Prometheus orthonormal sequence

Sahu, P. K.; Gowre, Sanjay Kumar; Mahapatra, Santanu

doi:10.1049/iet-opt:20070080

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Although the Golay code was taken as an example for our purposes, the sampling criteria proposed in this paper is also valid for other correlation coding schemes, such as the CCPONS code [8]. Moreover, this principle can also serve to significantly improve the performance of other fiber sensing systems based on direct detection OTDR, such as BOTDA and ROTDR.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Oversampling actually turns a code sequence of L bits into one of Lm bits and, from this point of view, the coding gain conforms to the expression for correlation-coded OTDR without oversampling. This phenomenon occurs not only for the Golay code, but also for any other complementary-correlation coding schemes, such as CCPONS [8]. Moreover, in the case of coded-OTDR based on linear combination coding schemes such as the Simplex code [10], as there is no correlation in the decoding process, oversampling does not affect the coding gain.…”

Section: Equation (6) Becomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number of sequences in correlation codes is independent of the code length; hence, the number of periods needed to perform a complete measurement remains constant. Other correlation coding schemes have also been developed to further reduce measurement time [7] or enhance coding gain [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Harnessing oversampling in correlation-coded OTDR

Liao¹,

Tang²,

Zhao³

et al. 2019

Opt. Express

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Pulse coding is an effective method to overcome the trade-off between signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and spatial resolution in optical-fiber sensing systems based on optical time-domain reflectometry (OTDR). However, the coding gain has not been yet fully exploited. We provide a comprehensive theoretical analysis and experimental validation of the sampling criteria for correlationcoded OTDR, showing that the coding gain can be further improved by harnessing the oversampling. Moreover, the bandwidth-limited feature of the photodetector can also be utilized to select the sampling rate so that additional SNR enhancement is obtained. We believe this principle could be applied to any practical OTDR-based optical-fiber sensing technology, and serve to update existing systems based on correlation-coded OTDR in a straightforward manner at a relatively low cost.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Equation (6) Becomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Harnessing oversampling in correlation-coded OTDR

Liao¹,

Tang²,

Zhao³

et al. 2019

Opt. Express

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“…But the sensitivity of the commercial photodetector cannot support too weak (<−60 dBm) laser detection, and the noise generated by the dark current of the photodetector also significantly impacts the quality of signal processing. Although denoising algorithms [10][11][12], pulse coding detection [13][14][15][16], optical frequency-domain reflectometry [17][18][19], and chaotic light [20,21] can partially enhance the dynamic range of fiber fault detection, they still rely on the photodetector as a fundamental component. While the use of single-photon detectors can push the detection sensitivity to its limit, their inherent limitations and high cost hinder their widespread adoption in the OTDR market [22][23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parameter Optimization for Modulation-Enhanced External Cavity Resonant Frequency in Fiber Fault Detection

Zhang

Guo

et al. 2023

Photonics

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Fiber fault detection is crucial for maintaining the quality of optical communication, especially in well-established optical access networks with extended distances and a growing number of subscribers. However, the increasing insertion loss in fiber links presents challenges for traditional fault-detection methods in capturing fault echoes. To overcome these limitations, we propose a modulation-enhanced external-cavity-resonant-frequency method that utilizes a laser for fault echo reception, providing improved sensitivity compared to traditional photodetector-based methods. Our previous work focused on analyzing key parameters, such as sensitivity and spatial resolution, but did not consider practical aspects of selecting optimal modulation parameters. In this study, we develop a model based on Lang–Kobayashi rate equations for current-modulated optical feedback lasers and validate it through experimental investigations. Our findings reveal that optimal detection performance is achieved with a modulation depth of 0.048, a frequency sweeping range of 0.6 times the laser relaxation oscillation frequency, and a frequency sweeping step of 0.1 times the external cavity resonant frequency.

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“…The above correlation technique is a well established method in correlation OTDR and Raman sensors [6,7]. However, it is even better suited for Brillouin scattering-based sensors due to the negligible pump depletion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed fiber optic sensor based on correlation coded Brillouin scattering for long range condition monitoring

et al. 2014

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In this paper, we compare the performance of a Correlation Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis (CBOTDA) system using bipolar Golay complementary pairs and unipolar Optical Orthogonal Code. Our simulation studies show that the spatial resolution supported by both schemes are comparable, but the Golay code is preferred due to better peak power to average power ratio (PAPR). We proceed to experimentally demonstrate the detection of a temperature event at the end of a 50 km long sensing ber using Golay complementary pairs.

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Optical time-domain reflectometer performance improvement using complementary correlated Prometheus orthonormal sequence

Cited by 15 publications

References 13 publications

Harnessing oversampling in correlation-coded OTDR

Harnessing oversampling in correlation-coded OTDR

Parameter Optimization for Modulation-Enhanced External Cavity Resonant Frequency in Fiber Fault Detection

Distributed fiber optic sensor based on correlation coded Brillouin scattering for long range condition monitoring

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