Optical Switches Based on Silicon Photonics for ROADM Application

Nakamura, Shigeru; Yanagimachi, Shigeyuki; Takeshita, Hitoshi; Tajima, Akio; Hino, Takanori; Fukuchi, Kiyoshi

doi:10.1109/jstqe.2016.2569402

Cited by 70 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In particular, the realization of optical switches and memories, which can be operated by optical signals, is important in order to overcome the bandwidth of electrical circuits. Optical switches based on phase shifters with the TO effect have been reported with 100 μm-long Si waveguides and current application [ 1 ]. It is possible to realize heating in smaller area by combination of strong optical confinement and optical signals, without thermal crosstalk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

221 K Local Photothermal Heating in a Si Plasmonic Waveguide Loaded with a Co Thin Film

Ota

Miyauchi

Shimizu

2021

Sensors

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Photothermal heaters are important devices for optical switches and memories based on the thermo-optic/magneto-optic effect and phase change materials. We demonstrated photothermal heating in Si plasmonic waveguides loaded with Co thin films by measuring the resistance change upon inputting transverse-magnetic (TM) mode light. Temperature rise is proportional to the light intensity with clear polarization dependence. The photothermal conversion efficiency was estimated at 36 K/mW and maximum temperature rise was estimated at 221 K at steady state upon the inputting 6.3 mW TM mode light for the 400 nm-wide, 8 µm-long and 189 nm-thick Co film deposited on the Si wire waveguide with 129 nm-thick SiO2 buffer layer. The method to increase the efficiency is discussed based on the experimental and simulation results considering the thickness of the SiO2 buffer layer, Co layer and Si core layer, waveguide width, and wavelength. Local photothermal heaters in this study can be applied to a variety of fields including optical switches/memories without electrical control signals in photonic integrated circuits, on-chip optical sensors, and a lab-on-a-chip in biology, chemistry, and medicine.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

221 K Local Photothermal Heating in a Si Plasmonic Waveguide Loaded with a Co Thin Film

Ota

Miyauchi

Shimizu

2021

Sensors

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“…This switch also operates at a much lower voltage when compared to the rotational MEMS platform designed for planar crossbar switching. It can also be used to demonstrate a wavelength channel selection system through integration with SiN based optical filters on the central platform for Reconfigurable Optical Add–Drop Multiplexer (ROADM) applications [49,50]. In the future, we aim to integrate SiN waveguides and optical filters with the fabrication process demonstrated previously [42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Translational MEMS Platform for Planar Optical Switching Fabrics

et al. 2019

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While 3-D microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) allow switching between a large number of ports in optical telecommunication networks, the development of such systems often suffers from design, fabrication and packaging constraints due to the complex structures, the wafer bonding processes involved, and the tight alignment tolerances between different components. In this work, we present a 2-D translational MEMS platform capable of highly efficient planar optical switching through integration with silicon nitride (SiN) based optical waveguides. The discrete lateral displacement provided by simple parallel plate actuators on opposite sides of the central platform enables switching between different input and output waveguides. The proposed structure can displace the central platform by 3.37 µm in two directions at an actuation voltage of 65 V. Additionally, the parallel plate actuator designed for closing completely the 4.26 µm air gap between the fixed and moving waveguides operates at just 50 V. Eigenmode expansion analysis shows over 99% butt-coupling efficiency the between the SiN waveguides when the gap is closed. Also, 2.5 finite-difference time-domain analysis demonstrates zero cross talk between two parallel SiN waveguides across the length of the platform for a 3.5 µm separation between adjacent waveguides enabling multiple waveguide configuration onto the platform. Different MEMS designs were simulated using static structural analysis in ANSYS. These designs were fabricated with a custom process by AEPONYX Inc. (Montreal, QC, Canada) and through the PiezoMUMPs process of MEMSCAP (Durham, NC, USA).

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“…However, those systems are too costly for the radio access segment. One order of magnitude of cost reduction for optical transceivers and one or two for optical switches [21] represent typical research challenges [22] (e.g., a cost target of $0.5/Gb/s for fronthaul links and $0.05/Gb/s for intra-board interconnect). New integrated photonic technologies can in fact enable low-cost transmission and switching systems in different segments of the network, simplifying the architecture of some of those systems while performing better than electronics for some key features [23].…”

Section: Optical Transport For Vertical Industriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical transport for Industry 4.0 [Invited]

Sabella

Iovanna

Bottari

et al. 2020

J. Opt. Commun. Netw.

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Industry 4.0 represents a new industrial revolution that will dramatically change the landscape in many sectors, including manufacturing and logistics. Robotics, machine intelligence, and new forms of connectivity are key ingredients of this paradigm. 5G mobile networks are expected to play a crucial role, supporting a lower cost per transported bit in air and a lower latency compared with 4G. 5G radio ensures different performance levels in very heterogeneous coverage situations, including a mix of indoor and outdoor contexts. Mobile network evolution requires new transport networks to address the new challenging requirements: increasing transmission capacity, compatibility with latency-critical applications, significantly reduced cost with respect to conventional metro network segments, lower energy consumption, and, in some cases, switching capabilities. Optical communications and networking will play a key role in these new transport scenarios, where tailored transmission techniques and network architectures are needed. This paper discusses the requirements and challenges that Industry 4.0 scenarios pose to optical communications and networking architectures. Performance of optical transmission schemes, tailored to support these new radio access networks, are detailed and benchmarked. A network test bed, focused on transport for vertical use cases, is described. Experimental results demonstrate the compliance of the proposed optical transport network with a latency-critical cloud robotics application, which presents industry-grade connectivity needs.

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Optical Switches Based on Silicon Photonics for ROADM Application

Cited by 70 publications

References 25 publications

221 K Local Photothermal Heating in a Si Plasmonic Waveguide Loaded with a Co Thin Film

221 K Local Photothermal Heating in a Si Plasmonic Waveguide Loaded with a Co Thin Film

Translational MEMS Platform for Planar Optical Switching Fabrics

Optical transport for Industry 4.0 [Invited]

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