Optical spectrum analyzers and typical applications in astronomy and remote sensing

Abstract

Scientists are increasingly relying on astronomical and remote sensing technologies to gain deeper insights into the Earth and the universe. In these fields, the optical spectrum analyzer (OSA) or spectrometer plays a pivotal role. This Review offers a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles, key parameters, and applications of various branches of traditional OSAs, including prisms, gratings, interferometers, tunable filters, and reconstructive spectrometers. We specifically focus on their latest major applications in astronomy and remote sensing. Additionally, we present a mathematical model of the generalized reconstructive spectrometer and provide a summary of its principles pertaining to spectral mapping, reconstruction, and imaging. Despite its limited aperture and étendue, the reconstructive spectrometer holds great potential for future use in astronomy and remote sensing due to its compact size and exceptional ultrahigh spectral resolution.

Preflight Spectral Calibration of the Ozone Monitoring Suite-Nadir on FengYun 3F Satellite

“…The results show that the FWHM of the UV1, UV2, and VIS bands are in the range of 0.52-0.563 nm, 0.4-0.45 nm, and 0.4-0.5 nm, respectively. Additionally, the spectral resolving power ( λ δλ ) of the three bands are ~540, 600, and 666, respectively, where λ and δλ denote the wavelength and the spectral resolution [23,24]. The spectral resolutions of OMS-N satisfy the mission requirements shown in Table 1.…”

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“…Hyperspectral data contain abundant spatial, radiometric, and spectral information, thereby enabling the detection of substances that were previously undetectable in broadband remote sensing [13]. Instruments such as prism spectrometers, grating spectrometers, Fourier transform spectrometers, and spectrophotometers can be used to obtain the hyperspectral data of research objects [14]. Among these, portable land cover spectrometers possess several advantages, including strong portability, real-time measurement capabilities, multifunctionality, high accuracy, and real-time data processing.…”