Optical sensors based on the molecular condensation nuclei detector

Kuptsov, Vladimir D.; Katelevsky, Vadim Ya.; Valyukhov, Vladimir P.

doi:10.1117/12.2178594

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…where k -the wavenumber, R -the distance from the observation point to the center of the sphere, 1 S and 2 S -the elements of the amplitude scattering matrix, the index i -denotes the incident wave and s -the scattered wave. If the incident light is not polarized then the intensity of the scattered light is given by where n a , n b -the scattered field coefficients (Mie coefficients), n π n τ -the angular scattering coefficients.…”

Section: Light Scattering By Aerosol Particles In Condensation Nucleimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The basic design of the photometer of a CND has been presented in 8 . The photometer is of a nephelometric type, i.e.…”

Section: Light Scattering By Aerosol Particles In Condensation Nucleimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They include mass-produced gas analyzers for detection of poison gases, experimental detectors of metal carbonyls, explosives, analyzers of the human exhaled air for disease diagnostics, leak detectors for the heat exchangers of nuclear reactors and detectors for gas masks testing. The areas of application, main technical parameters and benefits of the developed gas analyzers are described in 1,2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Light scattering by aerosol particles and air in the molecular condensation nuclei (MCN) detector

Kuptsov

Katelevsky²,

Valyukhov

et al. 2014

SPIE Proceedings

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The principal foundations, specific features and application fields of the advanced highly sensitive method of gas impurities detection -molecular condensation nuclei (MCN) method are discussed. MCN method is based on the conversion of impurity molecules to condensation nuclei of much larger size followed by the nuclei enlargement in the supersaturated vapor of specially selected low-volatile organic substances and detection of produced aerosol particles using an optical (nephelometric) method. The light scattering properties of the aerosol particles and air in the photometer of an MCN detector as well as sensitivity of the photometer's photodetector are investigated. We have determined that the light scattering by aerosol particles is interferometric by nature and is comparable within an order of magnitude with light scattering by the air inside a photometer. The threshold sensitivity of fotointegrator was reduced a level where the detection limit for the gas analyzer target component is determined by the background level of spontaneous condensation and not by the sensitivity of the detector's photoreceiver.Keywords: Molecular condensation nuclei (MCN), light scattering by aerosol particles and air, nephelometric method, threshold sensitivity of fotointegrator, condensation nuclei detector, gas analyzers based on the molecular condensation nuclei method, aerosol photometer, calibration gas analyzer by air scattering.

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Section: Light Scattering By Aerosol Particles In Condensation Nucleimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The basic design of the photometer of a CND has been presented in 8 . The photometer is of a nephelometric type, i.e.…”

Section: Light Scattering By Aerosol Particles In Condensation Nucleimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Light scattering by aerosol particles and air in the molecular condensation nuclei (MCN) detector

Kuptsov

Katelevsky²,

Valyukhov

et al. 2014

SPIE Proceedings

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“…To calculate the threshold sensitivity for various PMT anode voltages the corresponding values of S A , μ and I DA from the technical specifications of a PMT must be substituted into (11). Calculations made for the threshold sensitivity of a photointegrator with an H6780 PMT (manufactured by Hamamatsu, Japan) and a 1 s integration time gave the best sensitivity of P 0_FMP = 0.48 · 10 −15 W at the anode voltage of 700 V. Therefore, the gain in sensitivity achieved by using a PMT instead of a photodiode was 18-30 times.…”

Section: Threshold Sensitivity Of Photomultiplier Tube (Pmt)-based Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This in turn allowed the development of highly sensitive MCN gas analyzers for the detection of various pollutants [2]. They include mass-produced poisonous gas detectors "Kaskad-G" and "Kaskad-5" [10], experimental detectors of metal carbonyls and explosives, medical breath analyzers [11], leakage detector for heat exchangers of nuclear reactors, gas mask testers [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A photointegrator of the molecular condensation nuclei detector

Kuptsov

Valyukhov

2015

St. Petersburg Polytechnical University Journal: Physics and Ma

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The problem of calculating the threshold sensitivity of an integrating photoreceiver (photocurrent integrator) is investigated. A noise model of a photointegrator is used to develop equivalent noise circuits and to calculate the RMS value of the voltage across the output of the photoreceiver. Among all the models of the real photointegrator it is conceivable that the approximation by an ideal photointegrator may be used. The threshold sensitivity of a photointegrator is defined as the power at the input of a photointegrator at which the root mean squared (RMS) voltage across its output is equal to the RMS voltage of total noise i.e. the signal-to-noise ratio is equal to one. A photomultiplier tube (PMT) can be used to increase the sensitivity. Formulas for calculating the sensitivity of a PMT-based photointegrator are given. The increase in sensitivity due to the use of PMT can be up to 18-30 times.An experimental study of a photometer of a molecular condensation nuclei (MCN) detector that forms a base of highly sensitive MCN gas analyzers was conducted. The measured sensitivity differed from the calculated by 10%. However, at femtowatt power levels it is very difficult to get rid of parasitic optical signals that are responsible for a small decrease in sensitivity compared to the theoretical prediction. In many practical applications, for example, for the X-ray absorption method of mineral extraction using position-sensitive photodiode X-ray receivers, an approximation of a real photointegrator must be used.

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The fuel burning intensification in the swirl burner using air ionization on the power-generating heat-and-power plant

Maspanov

Bogov

Suhanov

et al. 2019

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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According to experts, the power-generating complex in the entire chain from fuel production to the thermal energy application efficiency of the use of energy resources is only 44 %. That necessitates the researching of ways to enhance efficiency of organic fuel burning. One of the way to solve the problem is the burning fuel in the swirl burner with using of ionizated air. Domestic and international researches have shown that atomic oxygen increases the completeness combustion and reduces the number emitted into the atmosphere of pollutant emissions. At present, the reduction of air pollution of toxic substances allocated by industrial enterprises, is one of the most important problems facing humanity. Air pollution has a unhealthy exposure for humans and the environment. In this paper estimated effectiveness of existing chemical kinetic mechanisms of natural gas burning for the swirl burner and mechanisms unhealthy emissions produced based on the results of the evaluation. The purpose of work is to increase the effectiveness of fuel combustion and technical and economic, as well as environmental indicators in the swirl burner on the heat-and-power plant.

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Optical sensors based on the molecular condensation nuclei detector

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Light scattering by aerosol particles and air in the molecular condensation nuclei (MCN) detector

Light scattering by aerosol particles and air in the molecular condensation nuclei (MCN) detector

A photointegrator of the molecular condensation nuclei detector

The fuel burning intensification in the swirl burner using air ionization on the power-generating heat-and-power plant

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