Optical sensing with photonic crystal fibers

Abstract

A review of optical fiber sensing demonstrations based on photonic crystal fibers is presented. The text is organized in five main sections: the first three deal with sensing approaches relying on fiber Bragg gratings, long-period gratings and interferometric structures; the fourth one reports applications of these fibers for gas and liquid sensing; finally, the last section focuses on the exploitation of nonlinear effects in photonic crystal fibers for sensing. A brief review about splicing with photonic crystal fibers is also included.Two main classes of photonic crystal fibres (PCF): index-guiding PCF (a) and photonic bandgap PCF (b).

Numerical analysis of a highly birefringent microstructured optical fiber with an anisotropic core

“…Due to flexibility of design, this approach offers various mechanisms to introduce two-fold symmetry in a fiber. MOFs usually exhibit much higher birefringence values than their conventional counter-parts such as elliptical core, bow tie and panda type optical fibers (Frazao et al 2008). MOFs with air holes benefit from low temperature sensitivity, therefore they are good candidates for various mechanical sensors such as strain, stress or pressure (Martynkien et al 2009).…”

Long Period Gratings in New Generation Optical Fibers

“…hollow core HC-PCF -see Fig. 11(b)) (Frazao et al, 2008). In contrast to conventional fibers, most of PCFs are made by use of just a single material, typically fused silica, using the stack and draw technique, and their dispersion, mode-field confinement, single-mode range, and polarization dependence can be greatly controlled by size, shape, and pitch of the air holes.…”

“…), chemical compounds in gas and liquids, and even biosensors. In particular, since 1999 , Espindola et a., 1999, Diez et al, 2000, Kakarantzas et al, 2002, Lim et al, 2004, the writing of LPGs into different types of www.intechopen.com PCFs with or without photosensitivity by the use of advanced laser processing techniques along with mechanical and chemical methods was quickly embraced expecting many new applications as sensors (Frazao et al, 2008) and fiber components (Y. Wang et al, 2007).…”

“…As discussed above, a large number of gratings have been demonstrated in different types of IG-PCFs by the use of various fabrication techniques while the development of efficient techniques useful to write LPG structure in HC-PCFs Frazao et al, 2008) is a hard challenge for research community. Since more than 95 % of the light propagates in the core-air of an HC-PCF and not in the glass (see Fig.…”

Influence of temperature on dispersion properties of photonic crystal fibers infiltrated with water

“…(Moller et al 2015;Dudley et al 2006;Kibler et al 2009;Petersen et al 2014). On the other hand air-core PCF opens new perspectives in application of fibers for high energy transfer, particle guidance, and fiber sensors (Jin et al 2013;Frazao et al 2008;Wang et al 2013).…”