Optical sampling using an all-fiber optical Kerr shutter

Kitayama, Ken‐ichi; Kimura, Yasuo; Okamoto, K.; Seikai, Shigeyuki

doi:10.1063/1.95506

Cited by 50 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Highly nonlinear glass is an excellent candidate material for optical, ultrafast nonlinear devices such as demultiplexers [11], wavelength converters [12], and optical Kerr shutters [13]. This is because of its ability to induce nonlinear phase shifts over much shorter interaction lengths than conventional silica-based devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral broadening in femtosecond laser written waveguides in chalcogenide glass

2009

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Nonlinear spectral broadening to 200 nm, from an initial width of 50 nm, has been demonstrated in gallium lanthanum sulphide glass waveguides from 1540 nm, 200 fs pulses at 30 nJ/pulse. A formation mechanism is presented for these femtosecond laser written waveguides, based on optical characterization and comparisons to previous work. Two different types of waveguide are identified. One has a characteristic long narrow structure and is formed through filamentation caused by self-focusing. The other has a characteristic "teardrop" structure, which is formed by a type IIA photosensitivity mechanism and cumulative heating of glass around a central laser-exposed region.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral broadening in femtosecond laser written waveguides in chalcogenide glass

2009

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“…3 This is because of its ability to cause nonlinear phase shifts over much shorter interaction lengths than conventional ͑silica based͒ devices. Various waveguiding structures such as fibers, proton beam written waveguides, continuous wave laser written waveguides, and femtosecond laser written waveguides could be used to realize such devices.…”

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confidence: 99%

Fabrication and characterization of femtosecond laser written waveguides in chalcogenide glass

Hughes¹,

Yang²,

Hewak³

2007

Applied Physics Letters

103

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The authors describe the fabrication of buried waveguides in a highly nonlinear chalcogenide glass, gallium lanthanum sulfide, using focused femtosecond laser pulses. Through optical characterization of the waveguides, they have proposed a formation mechanism and provide comparisons to previous work. Tunneling has been identified as the dominant nonlinear absorption mechanism in the formation of the waveguides. Single mode guidance at 633 nm has been demonstrated. 3 This is because of its ability to cause nonlinear phase shifts over much shorter interaction lengths than conventional ͑silica based͒ devices. Various waveguiding structures such as fibers, proton beam written waveguides, continuous wave laser written waveguides, and femtosecond laser written waveguides could be used to realize such devices. Of these femtosecond laser writing is particularly attractive because as well as having rapid processing times waveguiding structures can be formed below the surface of the glass enabling three-dimensional structures to be fabricated. There have been several studies detailing the fabrication and characterization of waveguides using focused femtosecond laser pulses in phosphate glass, 4 chalcogenide glass, 5 and heavy metal oxide glass. 6 Of these chalcogenide glasses are especially attractive because they have a high nonlinear refractive index and enhanced IR transmission coupled with low maximum phonon energy. Of the chalcogenide glasses gallium lanthanum sulfide ͑GLS͒ is probably the most notable with respect to optical nonlinear devices as it has the highest nonlinear figure of merit ͑FOM͒ of any glass reported to date, 7 FOM= n 2 / ͑2␤͒, where is the wavelength, n 2 is the real part of the nonlinear refractive index, and ␤ is the two-photon absorption coefficient. In this letter we report the fabrication and characterization of buried waveguides written into GLS glass using focused femtosecond laser pulses.A sample of GLS was prepared by mixing 65% gallium sulfide, 30% lanthanum sulfide, and 5% lanthanum oxide ͑mol %͒ in a dry-nitrogen purged glove box. Gallium and lanthanum sulfides were synthesised in-house from high purity gallium and lanthanum precursors in a flowing H 2 S gas system; the lanthanum oxide was purchased commercially and used without further purification. The glass was melted in a dry-argon purged furnace at 1150°C for 24 h before being quenched and annealed at 400°C for 12 h, it was then cut and polished into a 12ϫ 12ϫ 5 mm 3 slab. To write the waveguides a Ti:sapphire laser ͑Coherent RegA͒ emitting a train of pulses with a duration of 150 fs, a repetition rate of 250 kHz, and a central wavelength of 800 nm was used. Pulse energy was varied using a variable neutral density filter. The laser beam was focused via a 50ϫ objective ͓numerical aperture ͑NA͒ = 0.55͔ around 200 m below the surface of the sample and had a focus spot diameter of around 2 m. The sample was mounted on a computer controlled linear motor translation stage which could move in three axes with a resolution of a few nanomete...

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“…Nonlinear optical polarization switching is one of the important techniques in such all optical switchings. So far, various nonlinear polarization switching schemes have been proposed and demonstrated [1][2][3]. However, most of these schemes require precise polarization adjustment to avoid polarization fluctuations due to environmental instability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fixed function frequency selective surfaces (FSS) have a number of filtering applications which been extensively studied [1]. Recently, attempts have been reported which aim to make the structures electrically reconfigurable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmentally stable nonlinear optical polarization switching by using a nonreciprocal all‐optical circuit

Kishi

2009

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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We proposed and demonstrated a stable nonlinear optical polarization self‐switching based on nonreciprocal nonlinear phase shift induced by self‐phase modulation in optical fiber. The polarization self‐switching was achieved at input power levels of around 10 mW in a nonreciprocal circuit using Faraday rotator mirrors. This nonlinear polarization switching is quite stable against polarization fluctuation caused by environmental perturbation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2056–2059, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24548

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Optical sampling using an all-fiber optical Kerr shutter

Cited by 50 publications

References 15 publications

Spectral broadening in femtosecond laser written waveguides in chalcogenide glass

Spectral broadening in femtosecond laser written waveguides in chalcogenide glass

Fabrication and characterization of femtosecond laser written waveguides in chalcogenide glass

Environmentally stable nonlinear optical polarization switching by using a nonreciprocal all‐optical circuit

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