Optical remote sensing for monitoring flying mosquitoes, gender identification and discussion on species identification

Genoud, Adrien P.; Basistyy, Roman; Williams, Gregory M.; Thomas, Barry A.

doi:10.1007/s00340-018-6917-x

Cited by 63 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…The frequencies are somewhat characteristic to the species, perhaps more in entomology than in ornithology. In particular, sexes are known to differ considerably, for example, for mosquitoes . However, the fundamental frequency is temperature dependent, and temperature coefficients are different for different species.…”

Section: Detection and Light Interactions With Aquatic‐ And Aerofaunamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Through the collaborative African network AFSIN the technology has been effectively disseminated also to low‐resource settings, for example, in Ghana, Senegal, Kenya, Ivory Coast, and Mali . African aspects include, apart from agricultural pest monitoring, the urgent task of effective monitoring of infectious diseases, such as malaria, spread by insect vectors such as Anophelines …”

Section: Remote Sensing Of Atmospheric and Aquatic Faunamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photonic Monitoring of Atmospheric and Aquatic Fauna

Brydegaard

Svanberg

2018

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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Flying insects are of utmost importance in ecology and for human living conditions. Certain species serve as indispensable pollinators to ensure the availability of food stuffs, while others are dangerous vectors for spreading deadly diseases, such as malaria. Agricultural pests reduce the yield of crops, and their abatement through pesticides cause many additional problems. Birds and bats are frequently carriers of diseases, which, especially for long‐distance migrants, cause serious consequences. Clearly, there is high motivation to be able to effectively identify and quantify flying fauna. Here, the emerging field of optics and laser‐based monitoring of flying fauna is reviewed with an emphasis on remote sensing based on pulsed and contineous wave (CW) lidar systems, and how they complement existing radar techniques. Furthermore, ground‐truth laboratory studies are covered. Wing‐beat and overtone spectra as well as reflectance, depolarization and fluorescence properties are studied. The aquatic environment is for many reasons less accessible for optical studies, but is clearly also of great importance. Phytoplankton constitute the start of the aquatic food chain, followed by zooplankton and a long chain of higher animals, including fish, an important part of the human food supply. Finally, how optical monitoring can complement sonar and sampling techniques is discussed.

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Section: Detection and Light Interactions With Aquatic‐ And Aerofaunamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Remote Sensing Of Atmospheric and Aquatic Faunamentioning

confidence: 99%

Photonic Monitoring of Atmospheric and Aquatic Fauna

Brydegaard

Svanberg

2018

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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“…For every event, the wing beat frequency and its harmonics can be retrieved through a fast Fourier transform or the Welch method on the wing backscattered signals. The wing beat frequency has been shown to differentiate males from females and to a lesser extent differentiate species of mosquito . Linear depolarization ratios δ are retrieved from the parallel and cross‐polarized backscattered signals, as defined by Equation 1.

δ = normalG ∙ \frac{{normalI}_{1320, ⊥}}{{normalI}_{1320, / /}} = \frac{σ_{1320, ⊥}}{σ_{1320, / /}}

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of gravid mosquitoes from changes in spectral and polarimetric backscatter cross sections

Genoud

Gao

Williams

et al. 2019

Journal of Biophotonics

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Improving the survey of mosquito populations is of the utmost importance to further enhance mitigation techniques that protect human populations from mosquito‐borne diseases. While mosquito populations are generally studied using physical traps, stand‐off optical sensors allow to study insect ecosystems with potentially better spatial and temporal resolution. This can be greatly beneficial to eco‐epidemiological models and various mosquito control programs. In this contribution, we demonstrate that the gravidity of female mosquitoes can be identified from changes in their spectral and polarimetric backscatter cross sections. Among other predictive variables, the wing beat frequency and the depolarization ratio of the mosquito body allows for the identification of gravid females with a precision and recall of 86% and 87%, respectively. Since female mosquitoes need a blood meal to become gravid, statistics on gravidity is of prime importance as only females that have been gravid might carry infectious diseases. In addition, it allows to detect possible breeding habitat, predict a potential increase in the mosquito population and provide a better overall understanding of the ecosystem dynamics. As a result, targeted and localized mitigation techniques can be used, reducing the cost and improving the efficiency of mosquito population control.

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“…There are currently two approaches based on optical technology (excluding camera-based vision): a) the e-traps [2][3][4][5], and b) the light detection and ranging (LIDAR) based approaches [9][10][11][12]. E-traps sample the insect fauna based on baits and usually aim at capturing target-specific insects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multispectral Backscattered Light Recorder of Insects’ Wingbeats

et al. 2019

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Most reported optical recorders of the wingbeat of insects are based on the so-called extinction light, which is the variation of light in the receiver due to the cast shadow of the insect’s wings and main body. In this type of recording devices, the emitter uses light and is placed opposite to the receiver, which is usually a single (or multiple) photodiode. In this work, we present a different kind of wingbeat sensor and its associated recorder that aims to extract a deeper representational signal of the wingbeat event and color characterization of the main body of the insect, namely: a) we record the backscattered light that is richer in harmonics than the extinction light, b) we use three different spectral bands, i.e., a multispectral approach that aims to grasp the melanization and microstructural and color features of the wing and body of the insects, and c) we average at the receiver’s level the backscattered signal from many LEDs that illuminate the wingbeating insect from multiple orientations and thus offer a smoother and more complete signal than one based on a single snapshot. We present all the necessary details to reproduce the device and we analyze many insects of interest like the bee Apis mellifera, the wasp Polistes gallicus, and some insects whose wingbeating characteristics are pending in the current literature, like Drosophila suzukii and Zaprionus, another member of the drosophilidae family.

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Optical remote sensing for monitoring flying mosquitoes, gender identification and discussion on species identification

Cited by 63 publications

References 69 publications

Photonic Monitoring of Atmospheric and Aquatic Fauna

Photonic Monitoring of Atmospheric and Aquatic Fauna

Identification of gravid mosquitoes from changes in spectral and polarimetric backscatter cross sections

A Multispectral Backscattered Light Recorder of Insects’ Wingbeats

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