Optical PUF for Non-Forwardable Vehicle Authentication

Krzywiecki, Łukasz; Panwar, Nisha; Segal, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2016.05.016

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Since the distribution of these variances is unique for each semiconductor, PUFs use it to obtain the unique identity of the device. There are many PUF methods proposed to date [8], [13], [37], [40], [7], [25], [19], [14]. Delay-based PUFs are among the most common PUF methods used [36].…”

Section: B Arbiter Pufmentioning

confidence: 99%

ERIC: An Efficient and Practical Software Obfuscation Framework

Bolat

Celik

Olgun

et al. 2022

2022 52nd Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN)

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Modern cloud computing systems distribute software executables over a network to keep the software sources, which are typically compiled in a security-critical cluster, secret. However, these executables are still vulnerable to reverse engineering techniques that can extract secret information from programs (e.g., an algorithm, cryptographic keys), violating the IP rights and potentially exposing the trade secrets of the software developer. Malicious parties can (i) statically analyze the disassembly of the executable (static analysis) or (ii) dynamically analyze the software by executing it on a controlled device and observe performance counter values or exploit side-channels to reverse engineer software (dynamic analysis).We develop ERIC, a new, efficient, and general software obfuscation framework. ERIC protects software against (i) static analysis, by making only an encrypted version of software executables available to the human eye, no matter how the software is distributed, and (ii) dynamic analysis, by guaranteeing that an encrypted executable can only be correctly decrypted and executed by a single authenticated device. ERIC comprises key hardware and software components to provide efficient software obfuscation support: (i) a hardware decryption engine (HDE) enables efficient decryption of encrypted hardware in the target device, (ii) the compiler can seamlessly encrypt software executables given only a unique device identifier. Both the hardware and software components are ISA-independent, making ERIC general. The key idea of ERIC is to use physical unclonable functions (PUFs), unique device identifiers, as secret keys in encrypting software executables. Malicious parties that cannot access the PUF in the target device cannot perform static or dynamic analyses on the encrypted binary.We develop ERIC's prototype on an FPGA to evaluate it endto-end. Our prototype extends RISC-V Rocket Chip with the hardware decryption engine (HDE) to minimize the overheads of software decryption. We augment the custom LLVM-based compiler to enable partial/full encryption of RISC-V executables. The HDE incurs minor FPGA resource overheads, it requires 2.63% more LUTs and 3.83% more flip-flops compared to the Rocket Chip baseline. LLVM-based software encryption increases compile time by 15.22% and the executable size by 1.59%. ERIC is publicly available and can be downloaded from https://github.com/kasirgalabs/ERIC.

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Section: B Arbiter Pufmentioning

confidence: 99%

ERIC: An Efficient and Practical Software Obfuscation Framework

Bolat

Celik

Olgun

et al. 2022

2022 52nd Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The immobilizer-based physical lock is useful to secure the physical periphery but not the digital periphery. In [17] a coalition attack scenario has been solved, however, it differs in access control countermeasures required for a parked vehicle scenario. Therefore, our solution eliminates the need for specialized physically unclonable function (PUF) integration to the vehicle and the keyfob.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral Authentication for Parked Vehicles over Wireless Radio Communication

Dolev,

Panwar

2018

Preprint

Self Cite

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Peripheral authentication is an important aspect in the vehicle networks to provide services to only authenticated peripherals and a security to internal vehicle modules such as anti-lock braking system, power-train control module, engine control unit, transmission control unit, and tire pressure monitoring. This paper presents a vehicle to a peripheral device and peripheral device to vehicle authentication scheme that verifies a binding between a vehicle and an authentic user peripheral device. In particular, a three-way handshake scheme is proposed for a vehicle to a keyfob authentication. A keyfob is a key with a secure hardware that communicates and authenticates the vehicle over the wireless channel. Usually, a secret pin number is entered through the wireless keyfob and the pin must be verified before receiving an access to the vehicle. Conventionally, a vehicle to keyfob authentication is realized through a challenge-response verification protocol. An authentic coupling between the vehicle identity and the keyfob avoids any illegal access to the vehicle. However, these authentication messages can be relayed by an active adversary, thereby, can amplify the actual distance between an authentic vehicle and a keyfob. Eventually, an adversary can possibly gain access to the vehicle by relaying wireless signals and without any effort to generate or decode the secret credentials. Hence, the vehicle to keyfob authentication scheme must contain an additional attribute verification such as physical movement of a keyfob holder.Our solution is a two-party and three-way handshake scheme with proactive and reactive commitment verification. The proposed solution also uses a time interval verification such that both vehicle and keyfob would yield a similar locomotion pattern of a dynamic keyfob within a similar observational time interval. Hence, the solution is different from the distance bounding protocols that require multiple iterations for the round-trip delay measurement. The proposed scheme is shown to be adaptable with the existing commitment scheme such as Schnorr identification scheme and Pedersen commitment scheme.

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“…These characteristics vary randomly and are unduplicable, as they result from inherent structural variations. Diverse PUF implementations have been proposed based on optical devices, RFID, FPGA, integrated circuits, memory devices, organic electronics, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] . CNT-based PUFs have attracted significant attention for wearable applications owing to their flexibility and printable characteristic 11,12 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-inspired electronic fingerprint PUF device with single-walled carbon nanotube network surface mediated by M13 bacteriophage template

Jeong

Lee²,

Park

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Human fingerprints are randomly created during fetal activity in the womb, resulting in unique and physically irreproducible fingerprint patterns that are applicable as a biological cryptographic primitive. Similarly, stochastically knitted single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) network surfaces exhibit inherently random and unique electrical characteristics that can be exploited as a physical unclonable function (PUF) in the authentication. In this study, filamentous M13 bacteriophages are used as a biological gluing template to create a random SWNT network surface with mechanical flexibility, with electrical properties determined by random variation during fabrication. The resistance profile between two adjacent electrodes was mapped for these M13-mediated SWNT network surfaces, with the results demonstrating a unique resistance profile for each M13-SWNT device, similar to that of human fingerprints. Randomness and uniqueness measures were evaluated as respectively 50.5% and 50% using generated challenge–response pairs. Min-entropy for unpredictability evaluation of the M13-SWNT based PUFs resulted in 0.98. Our results showed that M13-SWNT random network exhibits cryptographic characteristics when used in a bio-inspired PUF device.

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Optical PUF for Non-Forwardable Vehicle Authentication

Cited by 12 publications

References 30 publications

ERIC: An Efficient and Practical Software Obfuscation Framework

ERIC: An Efficient and Practical Software Obfuscation Framework

Peripheral Authentication for Parked Vehicles over Wireless Radio Communication

Bio-inspired electronic fingerprint PUF device with single-walled carbon nanotube network surface mediated by M13 bacteriophage template

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