Optical Properties of Photonic Crystals

Sakoda, Kazuaki

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-14324-7

Cited by 1,338 publications

(1,263 citation statements)

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“…The resolution of such lenses is restricted by losses in the silver, but this problem can be alleviated by cutting the slab into the multiple thin layers [8,9] and introduction of active materials [10]. Unfortunately, at the moment there is no recipe how to increase the thickness of such lenses other than the introduction of artificial magnetism.Competitive alternatives of left-handed media at optical frequencies are photonic crystals [11,12]. The negative refraction effect in photonic crystals at the frequencies close to the band-gap edges was reported by Notomi in [13,14] and the sub-wavelength imaging using flat lenses formed by photonic crystals was demonstrated both theoretically [15,16,17,18,19] and experimentally [20,21].…”

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Subwavelength imaging at optical frequencies using a transmission device formed by a periodic layered metal-dielectric structure operating in the canalization regime

2006

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Imaging with sub-wavelength resolution using a lens formed by periodic metal-dielectric layered structure is demonstrated. The lens operates in canalization regime as a transmission device and it does not involve negative refraction and amplification of evanescent modes. The thickness of the lens have to be an integer number of half-wavelengths and can be made as large as required for ceratin applications, in contrast to the other sub-wavelength lenses formed by metallic slabs which have to be much smaller than the wavelength. Resolution of λ/20 at 600 nm wavelength is confirmed by numerical simulation for a 300 nm thick structure formed by a periodic stack of 10 nm layers of glass with ǫ = 2 and 5 nm layers of metal-dielectric composite with ǫ = −1. Resolution of λ/60 is predicted for a structure with same thickness, period and operating frequency, but formed by 7.76 nm layers of silicon with ε = 15 and 7.24 nm layers of silver with ε = −14.PACS numbers: 78.20. Ci, 42.30.Wb,41.20.Jb The possibility of imaging with sub-wavelength resolution was first reported by Pendry in 2000 [1]. It was shown that the slab of left-handed material [2], a medium with both negative permittivity and permeability, can create images with nearly unlimited resolution. This idea impeached validity of classical restriction on resolution of imaging systems: diffraction limit and became a starting point for creation of new research area of metamaterials [3], artificial media possessing extraordinary electromagnetic properties usually not available in the natural materials. The idea of Pendry's perfect lens is based on such exotic phenomena observable in left-handed media as backward waves, negative refraction and amplification of evanescent waves. The far-field of a source is focused due to effects of backward waves and negative refraction. The near field of the source, which contains sub-wavelength details, is recovered in the image plane because of the amplification of evanescent modes in the slab. Currently, the samples of left-handed materials are created only in microwave region [4]. The creation of lefthanded materials at THz frequencies and in optical range meets with problems related to the difficulty in getting required magnetic properties [5,6] which have to be created artificially. In the absence of magnetic properties the lenses formed by materials with negative permittivity only (for example, silver at optical frequencies) are still capable to create images with sub-wavelength resolution, but the operation is restricted to p-polarization only and the lens has to be thin as compared to the wavelength [1]. This idea was confirmed by recent experimental results [7] which demonstrated the reality of sub-wavelength imaging using silver slabs in optical frequency range. The resolution of such lenses is restricted by losses in the silver, but this problem can be alleviated by cutting the slab into the multiple thin layers [8,9] and introduction of active materials [10]. Unfortunately, at the moment there is no recipe how to incre...

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Subwavelength imaging at optical frequencies using a transmission device formed by a periodic layered metal-dielectric structure operating in the canalization regime

2006

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“…For the modes near the upper band edge, k jj = k x % 0. Apart from an additive reciprocal lattice vector, k jj is conserved at the air-PC interface [27].…”

Section: Highly Directive Radiation From Photonic Crystals Hosting Emmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physics and Applications of Photonic Crystals

Temelkuran¹,

Bayındır²,

Özbay³

2000

Quantum Mesoscopic Phenomena and Mesoscopic Devices in Microelectronics

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In this article, we investigate how the photonic band gaps and the variety of band dispersions of photonic crystals can be utilized for various applications and how they further give rise to completely novel optical phenomena. The enhancement of spontaneous emission through coupled cavity waveguides in a one-dimensional silicon nitride photonic microcrystal is investigated. We then present the highly directive radiation from sources embedded in two-dimensional photonic crystals. The manifestation of novel and intriguing optical properties of photonic crystals are exemplified experimentally by the negative refraction and the focusing of electromagnetic waves through a photonic crystal slab with subwavelength resolution. #

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“…Photonic crystals (PhCs), as periodic arrangement of dielectrics, affect the motion of photons and electromagnetic (EM) waves in much the same way that semiconductor crystals affect the propagation of electrons, providing a new mechanism to control and manipulate the flow of light at wavelength scale [1][2][3][4][5]. The key property of the PhCs is the photonic band gap induced from the periodic modulation of photons and EM waves, which can block wave propagation in certain or all directions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure-Induced Ultratransparency in Photonic Crystals

Luo¹,

Lai²

2018

Theoretical Foundations and Application of Photonic Crystals

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This chapter presents the recent progress on structure-induced ultratransparency in both one-and two-dimensional photonic crystals (PhCs). Ultratransparent PhCs not only have the omnidirectional impedance matching with the background medium, but also have the ability of forming aberration-free virtual images. In certain frequency regimes, such ultratransparent PhCs are the most transparent solid materials on earth. The ultratransparency effect has many applications such as perfectly transparent lens, transformation optics (TO) devices, microwave transparent devices, solar cell packaging, etc. Here, we demonstrate that the ultratransparent PhCs with "shifted" elliptical equal frequency contour (EFC) not only provide a low-loss and feasible platform for transformation optics devices at optical frequencies, but also enable new degrees of freedoms for phase manipulation beyond the local medium framework. In addition, microwave transparent devices can be realized by using such ultratransparent PhCs.

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Optical Properties of Photonic Crystals

Cited by 1,338 publications

References 1 publication

Subwavelength imaging at optical frequencies using a transmission device formed by a periodic layered metal-dielectric structure operating in the canalization regime

Subwavelength imaging at optical frequencies using a transmission device formed by a periodic layered metal-dielectric structure operating in the canalization regime

Physics and Applications of Photonic Crystals

Structure-Induced Ultratransparency in Photonic Crystals

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