Optical properties of heavily doped ruby

Powell, Richard C.; DiBartolo, B.

doi:10.1002/pssa.2210100202

Cited by 51 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Ma and Clarke [44] argued that the value of the coefficient relating energy shift to composition in Table 4 is about right (it is accurate). They cited an explicit measurement of density variation with composition to arrive at a dilatational strain that was used in a mechanics analysis for positive comparison with pressure experiments (in a similar use of relative volume to compare experiments as in the shock work [150,151] , is too small, even given the ionic radius increase (see Introduction), to generate the octahedral dilatations inferred for pressure and temperature effects and yet begins to approach that of "heavily doped" ruby, in which Cr 3+ -Cr 3+ pair-wise interaction effects cannot be ignored [160]. Clearly, more research is required on the composition coefficient.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dilute alumina or rubies are those in which isolated Cr ions do not interact quantum mechanically, but simply mechanically through the increased ionic volume of Cr 3+ relative to Al 3+ [1,2,44]. Early (and later) work showed that Cr ion pair interactions were very important in the optical properties of (heavily doped) ruby [61,[157][158][159][160][161], but such interactions are excluded here in consideration of piezospectroscopic effects in dilute ruby. Table 4 gives the first author, year published, citation, R-line coefficients (R1 or R2), and notes for original works that (experimentally) determined the composition coefficients β (1) and β (2) ; see Eq.…”

Section: Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Review: Coefficients for Stress, Temperature, and Composition Effects in Fluorescence Measurements of Alumina

Cook

Michaels

2017

J. RES. NATL. INST. STAN.

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The numerical coefficients linearly relating the effects of stress (including pressure), temperature, and composition to shifts in the energies of the Cr-related fluorescence in alumina (Al2O3) are reviewed. The primary focus is the shift of the R1 and R2 “ruby” fluorescence lines under conditions typical for stress determination in polycrystalline Al2O3. No significant experimental difference in the R1 and R2 responses is observed for hydrostatic stress (or pressure) conditions (average shift coefficient of about 7.6 cm−1/GPa), changes in temperature (about 0.140 cm−1/K), or variations in composition (about 120 cm−1/mass fraction of Cr). There are significant differences in the R1 and R2 responses for nonhydrostatic stress conditions. In particular, for uniaxial stress along the a and c directions in the Al2O3 crystal, the R1 piezospectroscopic tensor coefficients (about 3.0 cm−1/GPa and 1.6 GPa cm−1/GPa, respectively) differ considerably, whereas the R2 coefficients (about 2.6 cm−1/GPa and 2.3 GPa cm−1/GPa, respectively) do not. Measurements of the piezospectroscopic tensor coefficients are shown to have interlaboratory relative consistency of about 4 % extending over 30 years, and are consistent with the scalar high-pressure measurements. Measurements of the temperature coefficients are shown to have interlaboratory relative consistency less than 1 % extending over 60 years. Fluorescence-based measurements of stress in polycrystalline Al2O3, although requiring temperature adjustment, are shown to have a relative uncertainty of about 2.5 %.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Coefficients for Stress, Temperature, and Composition Effects in Fluorescence Measurements of Alumina

Cook

Michaels

2017

J. RES. NATL. INST. STAN.

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“…At this concentration there can be a weak N 2 line ͑pair spectrum from fourth neighbor Cr +3 ions͒. 37 At lower concentrations these spectra disappear, but the R-line signal reduces proportionally; at higher concentrations pair spectra become too strong and the R lines broaden. Ruby pressure determination becomes more difficult to use in the multimegabar pressure region, but still enables tabletop experiments to reach extremely high pressures without the need of a synchrotron.…”

Section: A Rubymentioning

confidence: 96%

The ruby pressure standard to 150GPa

Chijioke

Nellis

Солдатов

et al. 2005

Journal of Applied Physics

248

173

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A determination of the ruby high-pressure scale is presented using all available appropriate measurements including our own. Calibration data extend to 150 GPa. A careful consideration of shock-wave-reduced isotherms is given, including corrections for material strength. The data are fitted to the calibration equation P = ͑A / B͓͒͑ / 0 ͒ B −1͔ ͑GPa͒, with A = 1876± 6.7, B = 10.71± 0.14, and is the peak wavelength of the ruby R1 line.

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“…We note finally that the very low temperatures MCD is difficult to assign with confidence to either bo-c o or a 1 terms. 4.5. Detailed spectra [or the 14 450-15 400 cm -1 region As indicated in figures 4 and 11, the near-infra-red region shows a very rich structure of sharp lines ; these extend up to about 15 400 cm -1.…”

Section: _020mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Exchange interaction plays a role in a large number of compounds ranging from biological molecules to magnetic materials and has therefore attracted the attention of both chemists and physicists [1][2][3][4]. A variety of physical techniques has been used to study this interaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exchange interactions in polynuclear complexes

et al. 1977

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We present detailed optical and magneto-optical data on CsaCr~CI9 as a single crystal containing only pairs of Cr 3+ ions. Measurements have been carried out in a wide range of temperatures down to pumped helium and in the whole spectral region covering all singly and several doubly excited states. MCD helped considerably in resolving the absorption spectra into their numerous components, and proved especially useful in demonstrating the occurrence of a double excitation to 4T 2. It provides also parallel g factors for several excited terms.The main conclusions of our work are: (i) all transitions are electric dipole allowed ; (ii) transitions to singly excited doublet states are essentially promoted via a single ion mechanism; (iii) vibronic interaction must be invoked to understand the absorption data on sharp lines ; (iv) the trigonal plus spin-orbit interaction competes favourably with exchange interaction to produce excited states splittings.We present also a new non-phenomenological model to describe the splitting of the 4A 2@2E manifold under the combined effects of exchange, trigonal and spin-orbit interaction. This model includes no adjustable parameter. It leads to A0~180 cm -1 and offers a good starting basis for a coherent interpretation of most of our experimental data.

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Optical properties of heavily doped ruby

Cited by 51 publications

References 61 publications

Review: Coefficients for Stress, Temperature, and Composition Effects in Fluorescence Measurements of Alumina

Review: Coefficients for Stress, Temperature, and Composition Effects in Fluorescence Measurements of Alumina

The ruby pressure standard to 150GPa

Exchange interactions in polynuclear complexes

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