Optical properties of Er3+ doped GeO2–PbO glass: Effect of doping with Bi2O3

PbO–GeO2 rib waveguides for photonic applications

“…When doped with trivalent rare-earth ions, these germanate glasses exhibit strong photoluminescence being potential candidates for applications in solid state lasers and optical amplifiers [7][8][9]. Nucleation of metallic nanoparticles was also demonstrated recently in germanate glasses with the same composition and the enhancement of the photoluminescence due to silver and gold nanoparticles was reported for samples doped with Pr 3+ , Er 3+ , Eu 3+ , Er 3+ /Yb 3+ and Yb 3+ /Tm 3+ [10][11][12][13][14].…”

Production and characterization of Tm3+/Yb3+ codoped waveguides based on PbO–GeO2 thin films

“…Results of this glass composition doped with Er 3+ , Pr 3+ , Eu 3+ , Tm 3+ /Yb 3+ and Er 3+ /Yb 3+ exhibited strong photoluminescence [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16], and more recently, some of the rare-earth ions (REIs) luminescence were intensified by the nucleation of silver (Ag) and gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Also the nucleation of Ag and Au NPs was reported for PbO-GeO 2 (PGO) thin films [20], as well as the increase of the nonlinearity of PGO thin films in the presence of Cu 2+ and metallic Cu NPs [21].…”

Effect of the ytterbium concentration on the upconversion luminescence of Yb3+/Er3+ co-doped PbO–GeO2–Ga2O3 glasses

“…These results shows that Yb 3+ ions are playing a role in the energy transfer process and that the influence of Yb 3+ in the red emission is more intense than in the green emission. The UPC emission intensity, I UPC , is proportional to the infrared pump power, I IR , and this proportionality can be expressed as I UPC / I n IR , where n represents the number of absorbed photons that are required to populate the emitting state [11,12]; it is determined from the slope of the line of intensity versus pump power in a log-log plot. Fig.…”

“…In recent years, hosts based on heavy-metal oxides have proven to be excellent materials due to their high mechanical resistance, high chemical durability and thermal stability, large transmission window (from the visible to the mid infrared region), high refractive index ($2), which is adequate for nonlinear effects, and low maximum phonon energy (400-800 cm À1 ) compared to silicate, borate, and phosphate glasses [11,12]. This latter feature is related to low non-radiative relaxation rates and makes the upconversion easily observable.…”