Optical properties of crystalline and ion-beam amorphized Bi12GeO20: Relevance for waveguide applications

Influence of femtosecond pulsed laser irradiation on bismuth germanium oxide single crystal properties

“…Due to its photoconductivity, photochromism, photorefractivity, piezoelectricity, as well as to electro-optic and magneto-optic effects it supports [7,8], Bi 12 GeO 20 is suitable for a broad range of applications and devices such as optical limiting, holography, spatial light modulation, optical phase conjugation, optical memories, fiber optic sensors, Pockels cells [8][9][10][11][12]. The properties of non-doped as well as doped Bi 12 GeO 20 were investigated and reported in a number of studies, for example in [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Characteristics of Bi 12 GeO 20 single crystals after exposure to thermal treatment [16][17][18][19]22], to beams of electrons [23], uranium ions [24], fluorine ions [15], g-ray [19] or light [9,18,22,[25][26][27][28] were investigated.…”

“…The properties of non-doped as well as doped Bi 12 GeO 20 were investigated and reported in a number of studies, for example in [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Characteristics of Bi 12 GeO 20 single crystals after exposure to thermal treatment [16][17][18][19]22], to beams of electrons [23], uranium ions [24], fluorine ions [15], g-ray [19] or light [9,18,22,[25][26][27][28] were investigated. Nonlinear properties of Bi 12 GeO 20 crystals were measured with pulsed laser beams in the nanosecond range in [9], whereas in [26][27][28] BGO crystals were irradiated by picosecond laser pulses.…”