“…As a results, there are numerous reports in the literature that include the synthesis, characterization, and optical application of light emitting materials based on RE ions. Light emitting semiconducting materials incorporating RE ions (e.g., Eu, Yb, Er, Ho, Tm, and Tb) have been investigated for applications in optoelectronics. , In addition, narrow band emission based on f→ f transitions of RE ions is suitable for use in flat panel displays, radiation detection, solid state lighting (SSL), medical labeling, and imaging. − Most phosphors based on RE doped host are excellent functional materials because of their outstanding optical, chemical, thermal, and electronic properties and environmental friendliness. − Although light emission from many RE ions is characterized by a narrow band associated with the f → f transitions of these ions, Ce 3+ exhibits crystal field dependent broad band emission associated with the d → f transitions. The commonly used RE dopants/activators are Ce 3+ , Tb 3+ , Eu 3+ /Eu 2+ , Gd 3+ , Dy 3+ , Sm 3+ , Tm 3+ , Er 3+ , Yb 3+ , and Nd 3+ . , The nanocrystals of ZnO are suitable host materials for optically active doping elements such as RE ions .…”