Optical Properties Modulation: A New Direction for the Fast Detection of Ionizing Radiation in PET

Wang, Yuli; Abbaszadeh, Shiva

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-92989-3_7

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…There is an intrinsic limitation of about 10 ps time resolution for scintillation due to the statistical fluctuations in the generation of scintillation photons [95,96]. One proposed method to improve the time resolution of PET systems is via optical property modulation.…”

Section: Optical Property Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7. The photodiode can then measure the change in transmitted light to measure the modulation of the optical properties of the detector crystal [95][96][97]. This method has been completed with various materials, such as cadmium telluride (CdTe) [96][97][98], bismuth silicate [98], yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) [99], lead bismuth gallium (PbBiGa) [98], and lithium niobate (LiNbO 3 ) [96].…”

Section: Optical Property Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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State-of-the-art challenges and emerging technologies in radiation detection for nuclear medicine imaging: A review

Enlow

Abbaszadeh

2023

Front. Phys.

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Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) are established medical imaging modalities that have been implemented for decades, but improvements in detector design and camera electronics are needed for advancement of both imaging technologies. Detectors are arguably the most important aspect of the systems. Similar to SPECT, PET typically relies on indirect conversion of gamma radiation via scintillators coupled with photosensors used to convert optical photons produced by the scintillator into an electrical signal. PET detectors are defined by their energy resolution, timing resolution, and spatial resolution, all of which affect and determine the image quality. Improvements in energy resolution have been shown by increasing the brightness of the scintillator utilizing materials like cerium bromide (CeBr3) or switching to a direct conversion detector, such as cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) or thallium bromide (TlBr). Timing resolution for PET is a focal point of the current research. Improving the timing resolution improves the signal-to-noise of the PET system and is integral to the implementation of time-of-flight PET. By utilizing novel configurations, such as side readouts on scintillators, timing resolution has been improved dramatically. Similarly, metascintillators, which use complex combinations for the scintillator material, have also shown improvements to the timing resolution. Additional research has focused on using Cherenkov light emission in scintillators to further improve the timing resolution. Other research is focused on using convolutional neural networks and other signal processing to enhance timing resolution. Lastly, aside from acollinearity and positron range, spatial resolution is impacted by the PET detector, therefore improving the intrinsic spatial resolution of the detector will allow for smaller features to be imaged. One method for improving the spatial resolution is to use unique configurations with layered scintillators. Additionally, monolithic scintillators have also been shown to have reduced spatial resolution. The future for both SPECT and PET image system advancement will depend on continued development of the detectors via many different pathways including materials, signal processing, physics, and novel configurations. In this review article, we will discuss challenges and emerging technologies for state-of-the-art radiation detectors utilized in PET and SPECT.

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Section: Optical Property Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%