Optical properties and dielectric relaxation of polypyrrole and poly (3-hexylthiophene)

Abstract

In the present work polypyrrole (PPy) and poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) are prepared via oxidation polymerization, their optical and dielectric properties in comparison with their originating monomers are investigated. The chemical structure of both polymers is confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. Investigation of optical properties of the prepared polymers showed that the band gap of PPY is 1.25 eV, whereas that of P3HT is 1.79 eV. In addition, P3HT showed a refractive index of high values in the visible region compared to PPy. Dielectric relaxation of both monomers and polymers was studied in the frequency range of 10-1  /Hz <107 for comparison. Furthermore, temperature dependencies of their electrical properties are investigated. The DC conductivity values of PPy and P3HT are found to be 2× 10-7 S/cm and 2× 10-4 S/cm, at T = 313 K, respectively, which is the ranges of semiconductors and conductors reflecting the remarkable enhancement of conductivity according to polymerization process. The temperature dependence of the DC conductivity for the monomers and polymers follows Vogel−Fulcher−Tammann (VFT) equation. The parameters of the frequency-dependent provide basic information for adjustment of the structural properties of the conjugated polymers and finding the theoretical limits controlling the charge transport

The impact of a ZnO space layer on enhancing the efficiency of P3HT: PCBM blend-based organic solar cells

“…Changing generation rate distributions within the active layer (at 400 nm, 500 nm, and 600 nm) are shown in figure 5 for a device having a ZnO space layer between the active layer and electrode Al. Using the values of the electric field intensity found in the previous section (cf 4.1.2.1), we can calculate the generation rate inside the active layer using equation (2). Depending on the wavelength, the results show a range of generation rates, with a peak value of about 8 × 10 27 (m −3 × s −1 ) at 600 nm.…”

“…Figure 3 shows the evolution of the generation rate distribution inside the active layer at 400, 500, and 600 nm wavelengths for the case device without the ZnO space layer. Using the values of the electrical field intensity found in the previous section (cf 4.1.1.1), we can calculate the generation rate inside the (P3HT: PCBM) active layer using equation (2). The generation rate increases to progressively higher values for wavelengths of 400, 500, and 600 nm, with a maximum value of 5.1 × 10 27 (m 3 × s −1 ) at 500 nm.…”

“…Organic solar cells (OSCs) are considered the most promising devices among organic-based devices that convert solar energy into electric power. Compared to silicon technology, they have attracted high interest due to their portability, affordability, adaptability, and potential for mass manufacture on a wide scale [1][2][3][4][5]. Recently, P3HT and PCBM have been blended in bulk to form a blend heterojunction, one of the most studied structures in the literature.…”

Engineering the optical, and dielectric properties of (PVA: PVP)/BaSnO3 polymer nanocomposites as promising films for optoelectronics and energy storage applications

“…This is the characteristic behavior of PNC. 106 As said, the dielectric primitivity ε' is affected at low frequencies by the presence of interfacial polarization and electrode polarization. 107 In another presentation that better removes the influence of these polarizations, the electric modulus can be used to discuss the dielectric behavior.…”