Optical performance monitoring in reconfigurable WDM optical networks using subcarrier multiplexing

An optical performance monitoring method for Carrier Ethernet networks using OAM continuity check messages

“…There are many OPM methods [10][11][12][13]. However, the techniques are usually based on direct measurement of optical parameters such as OSNR [14][15][16], pilot tones [17], Q-factor measurement [18,19], in/out-of-service BER measurement/estimation [20][21][22], subcarrier multiplexing [23], data correlation [24], non-linear detection [25]. They all require some degree of signal tapping [26], resulting in an intrusive approach, which will be introducing at least minor performance degradation due to either increased attenuation or monitoring signal injection.…”

Experimental validation of a chromatic dispersion monitoring technique using optical asynchronous sampling and double sideband filtering

“…Some of them include radio frequency (RF) clock tone power measurement [5,6], subcarrier multiplexing [7], the evaluation of asynchronous amplitude histograms [8,9], asynchronous delaytap sampling [10,11], nonlinear effects evaluation [12][13][14], among other.…”

Experimental Demonstration and Analytic Derivation of Chromatic Dispersion Monitoring Technique Based on Clock-frequency Component

“…Until now, there have been substantial efforts to develop the chromatic dispersion monitoring techniques, which include the techniques based on clock-frequency component (CFC), subcarrier tone, and phase-modulation to amplitudemodulation conversion [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Among the techniques, the technique using the power change of the CFC in the received signal seems to be the simplest because it does not need to add any extra modulation to the data signal [7][8][9][10][11].…”