Optical patterning of trapped charge in nitrogen-doped diamond

Jayakumar, Harishankar; Henshaw, Jacob; Dhomkar, Siddharth; Pagliero, Daniela; Laraoui, Abdelghani; Manson, Neil B.; Albu, Remus; Doherty, Marcus W.; Meriles, Carlos A.

doi:10.1038/ncomms12660

Cited by 54 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The situation is avoided in the current study by exciting and detecting mm 3 volume that is relatively large and the effects from the adjacent crystal will be small. Much smaller spot sizes are more relevant for applications and there is a need to investigate how the present observations are modified when the diffusion of electrons and holes into and out of the detected volume as in [52] becomes significant.…”

Section: Spacialmentioning

confidence: 97%

NV⁻–N⁺ pair centre in 1b diamond

Manson¹,

Hedges²,

Michael³

et al. 2018

New J. Phys.

109

121

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With the creation of nitrogen (NV) in 1b diamond it is common to find that the absorption and emission is predominantly of negatively charged NV centres. This occurs because electrons tunnel from the substitutional nitrogen atoms to NV to form NV − -N + pairs. There can be a small percentage of neutral charge NV 0 centres and a linear increase of this percentage can be obtained with optical intensity. Subsequent to excitation it is found that the line width of the NV − zero-phonon has been altered. The alteration arises from a change of the distribution of N + ions and a modification of the average electric field at the NV − sites. The consequence is a change to the Stark shifts and splittings giving the change of the zero-phonon line (ZPL) width. Exciting the NV − centres enhances the density of close N + ions and there is a broadening of the ZPL. Alternatively exciting and ionizing N 0 in the lattice results in more distant distribution of N + ions and a narrowing of the ZPL. The competition between NV − and N 0 excitation results in a significant dependence on excitation wavelength and there is also a dependence on the concentration of the NV − and N 0 in the samples. The present investigation involves extensive use of low temperature optical spectroscopy to monitor changes to the absorption and emission spectra particularly the widths of the ZPL. The studies lead to a good understanding of the properties of the NV − -N + pairs in diamond. There is a critical dependence on pair separation. When the NV − -N + pair separation is large the properties are as for single sites and a high degree of optically induced spin polarization is attainable. When the separation decreases the emission is reduced, the lifetime shortened and the spin polarization downgraded. With separations of <12 A 0 there is even no emission. The deterioration occurs as a consequence of electron tunneling in the excited state from NVto N + and an optical cycle that involves NV 0 . The number of pairs with the smaller separations and poorer properties will increase with the number of nitrogen impurities and it follows that the degree of spin polarization that can be achieved for an ensemble of NV − in 1b diamond will be determined and limited by the concentration of single substitutional nitrogen. The information will be invaluable for obtaining optimal conditions when ensembles of NV − are required. As well as extensive measurements of the NV − optical ZPL observations of Stark effects associated with the infrared line at 1042 nm and the optically detected magnetic resonance at 2.87 GHz are also reported.

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Section: Spacialmentioning

confidence: 97%

NV⁻–N⁺ pair centre in 1b diamond

Manson¹,

Hedges²,

Michael³

et al. 2018

New J. Phys.

109

121

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“…* rakshyakar.giri@iit.it Attempts to control the charge states of NVs by manipulating the Fermi level are reported in the literature [11,[18][19][20][21][22]. It was demonstrated that an ensemble of NV centers could be stable enough to be used as a charge based data storage medium [23,24]. Other studies on dense ensembles of NVs and near-surface single NVs reported a strong interplay between charge and spin dynamics during illumination as well as in the dark that can interfere with spin measurements [13,25,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective measurement of charge dynamics in an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy centers in nanodiamond and bulk diamond

et al. 2019

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Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond have attracted considerable interest in sensing of weak magnetic fields, such as those created by biological systems. Detecting such feeble signals requires near-surface NV centers, to reduce the distance between NVs and sources. Moreover, dense ensembles of NVs are highly desirable to reduce measurement time. However, robust charge state switching is often observed in these systems, resulting in a complex interplay between charge and spin dynamics that can reduce the attainable level of spin polarization, and consequently, sensitivity. Understanding the mechanisms behind charge state switching is, therefore, crucial to developing NV based sensors. Here, we demonstrate a novel method to selectively measure charge dynamics in an ensemble of NVs by quenching the spin polarization using an off-axis magnetic field. Utilizing this technique, we show that, in nanodiamonds, charge state instability increases with increasing NV density. In the case of bulk single crystal diamond, we show that NV centers located near the surface are more stable in the neutral (NV 0 ) charge state, while the negatively charged (NV − ) form is more stable in bulk. arXiv:1812.02702v1 [cond-mat.mes-hall]

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“…In addition to NV defects, irradiation and post-irradiation annealing can create deep level trap states such as neutral NV centers (NV 0 ), or charged nitrogens (N + ) as well as divacancies [16]. These deeps level trap states influence the photophysics and spin relaxation of NV centers [17][18][19].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupled charge and spin dynamics in high-density ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond

et al. 2018

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We studied the spin depolarization of ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in nitrogenrich single crystal diamonds. We found a strong dependence of the evolution of the polarized state in the dark on the concentration of NV centers. At low excitation power, we observed a simple exponential decay profile in the low-density regime and a paradoxical inverted exponential profile in the high-density regime. At higher excitation power, we observed complex behavior, with an initial sharp rise in luminescence signal after the preparation pulse followed by a slower exponential decay. Magnetic field and excitation laser power-dependent measurements suggest that the rapid initial increase of the luminescence signal is related to recharging of the nitrogen-vacancy centers (from neutral to negatively charged) in the dark. The slow relaxing component corresponds to the longitudinal spin relaxation of the NV ensemble. The shape of the decay profile reflects the interplay between two mechanisms: the NV charge state conversion in the dark and the longitudinal spin relaxation. These mechanisms, in turn, are influenced by ionization, recharging and polarization dynamics during excitation. Interestingly, we found that charge dynamics are dominant in NV-dense samples even at very feeble excitation power. These observations may be important for the use of ensembles of NV centers in precession magnetometry and sensing applications. arXiv:1801.00047v1 [cond-mat.mes-hall]

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Optical patterning of trapped charge in nitrogen-doped diamond

Cited by 54 publications

References 34 publications

NV⁻–N⁺ pair centre in 1b diamond

NV⁻–N⁺ pair centre in 1b diamond

Selective measurement of charge dynamics in an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy centers in nanodiamond and bulk diamond

Coupled charge and spin dynamics in high-density ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond

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Optical patterning of trapped charge in nitrogen-doped diamond

Cited by 54 publications

References 34 publications

NV−–N+ pair centre in 1b diamond

NV−–N+ pair centre in 1b diamond

Selective measurement of charge dynamics in an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy centers in nanodiamond and bulk diamond

Coupled charge and spin dynamics in high-density ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond

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Resources

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NV⁻–N⁺ pair centre in 1b diamond

NV⁻–N⁺ pair centre in 1b diamond