Optical networking

Al-Salameh, D. Y.; Fatehi, M. T.; Gartner, William J.; Lumish, S.; Nelson, Bruce; Raychaudhuri, K.

doi:10.1002/bltj.2092

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Like many other networking techniques, optical networking comprises functionality for transmission, multiplexing, routing, supervision, and survivability for a wide range of client signals. Al-Salameh et al 3 describe optical networking as operating predominantly in the optical domain, where the unit of bandwidth granularity-the optical channel-is much larger than in current time division multiplexed (TDM) networks. In an optical network, the optical channel (a "frequency slot") may be considered as analogous to a time slot in a TDM system, with optical network elements manipulating optical channels (that is, frequency slots) similar to the way TDM networks manipulate time slots today.…”

Section: Optical Transport Networking Definedmentioning

confidence: 99%

A practical vision for optical transport networking

Alferness¹,

Bonenfant

Newton³

et al. 2002

Bell Labs Tech. J.

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Optical transport networks (OTNs) will quickly evolve from dense wavelength division multiplexed (DWDM) Public telecommunications relies on an extremely diverse network of networks with widely varying topologies, deployed technologies, services, and underlying business models. A practical vision for optical networking is one that goes beyond point-to-point WDM transmission to address the practical needs of this diverse networking environment. It encompasses the progression of applications from long haul capacity expansion today toward a unified end-to-end optical network spanning access, metropolitan (or metro), and long haul domains. A practical vision for optical transport networks-a vision of networks that are widely deployable, highly reliable and maintainable, readily evolvable, and demonstrably cost effective-is now at hand. This paper lays out this practical vision, placing it in the context of other networking trends, and addresses the most critical factors to consider in designing optical transport networks.

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Section: Optical Transport Networking Definedmentioning

confidence: 99%

A practical vision for optical transport networking

Alferness¹,

Bonenfant

Newton³

et al. 2002

Bell Labs Tech. J.

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“…Contents of the Digital Containers are transparent to the OXC and the end devices (with very few exceptions.) This approach is a major departure from the traditional internet packet switching and routing, but is similar (but not identical) to the Synchronous Optical NETwork (SONET) transport mechanism [6,7].…”

Section: Digital Container Formatmentioning

confidence: 99%

<title>Heterogeneous traffic transport over optical networks</title>

Sohraby¹,

Morreale

Fatehi³

et al. 2000

OptiComm 2000: Optical Networking and Communications

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As all-optical networks emerge as the high-speed networking standard, the performance of optical networks for mixed traffic requires investigation. Currently, traffic on optical networks varies from monomedia or one type of session only, to multimedia, in which multiple monomedia sessions are presented as one multimedia session. Today's internet offers elementary examples of this, with modest video and audio clips accompanying data. The performance of multimedia sessions over optical networks has not met with user expectations, primarily due to network latency as a result of the underlying protocols in the network infrastructure. This protocol incompatibility has the most significant impact on multimedia IP traffic on optical networks. In this paper, a new structure for the transport of dissimilar packet and non-packet information over optical networks is presented. The use of edge devices permits the establishment of wavelengths between end points, which allows signaling to accompany multimedia transport. The use of "intelligence at the edge" of the network for processing results in less transmission overhead with this structure than is found in other methods. Several illustrations of the utility of this method are presented, and the impact on Quality of Service (QoS) is assessed.

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“…The result will be used to check if any additional compensation is needed for GEO-LEO or any other links during repositioning. In the following analysis, we consider [1] the repositioning effect on ground and airborne terminals;…”

Section: Repositioning Speedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We can now quantitatively answer the following questions by using parameters of Table 1: [1] What are the values of the relative speed of the LEO satellite when it is crossing the critical circle orthogonally? [2] What are the frequency offset values from Doppler effect at these extremes?…”

Section: The Loci Of Maximal Speed -The "Critical Circle"mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evolution of fiber-based optical networking technologies [1] and its worldwide deployment in the terrestrial and submarine [2] backbone network revolutionized telecommunications in 1990's. The evolution is now expanding to space-based communication networks where the network nodes are located on constellations consisting of multiple Geosynchronous (GEO) and Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites interconnected with space-based crosslinks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Study of the Relative Speed and Doppler Effects in Space-Based Networks

Fatehi

Valencia

Davenport

et al. 2008

2008 IEEE Aerospace Conference

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In many space network architectures, such as those intended for the military, there will be numerous types of air, ground and sea terminals communicating with each other over a complex system consisting of both Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) and Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. These architectures would require highspeed communication links to be established between GEO satellite pairs, and even a GEO and a LEO satellite. With relative speeds approaching or exceeding 8 km/sec., Doppler effects can play a significant role in SONET timing and synchronization, especially when one takes into account satellite repositioning, inclinations, and other perturbations and anomalies. 1 2The intent of this study is to analyze the relative speed and Doppler effects in space-based SONET networks. To this end, we start with a simplified kinematics model to analyze the worst-case scenarios. For the proposed model, we will find the locus of the maximal relative speeds, compute the associated Doppler effects at these maxima, and determine the amount of Doppler compensation necessary to establish and maintain SONET timing and synchronization at various links. Subsequently, we will look at effects of GEO satellite repositioning, possible GEO orbital inclinations (for geosynchronous orbits) and other second order deviations on the proposed model and conclude that the utilized model is adequate for our qualitative analysis.

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Optical networking

Cited by 9 publications

References 5 publications

A practical vision for optical transport networking

A practical vision for optical transport networking

<title>Heterogeneous traffic transport over optical networks</title>

A Study of the Relative Speed and Doppler Effects in Space-Based Networks

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