Optical Measurements Revealing Nonuniform Hole Mobility in Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Friedlein, Jacob T.; Shaheen, Sean E.; Malliaras, George G.; McLeod, Robert R.

doi:10.1002/aelm.201500189

Cited by 53 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(107 reference statements)

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“…The model includes the volumetric capacitance observed during OECTs' operation but does not account for the dependence of mobility on charge carrier concentration. Friedlein et al modified the Bernards model in order to account for the “nonuniform mobility” of conjugated polymers . These improvements lead to a more accurate description of devices' parameters.…”

Section: Oect Working Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active Materials for Organic Electrochemical Transistors

2018

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The organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) is a device capable of simultaneously controlling the flow of electronic and ionic currents. This unique feature renders the OECT the perfect technology to interface man-made electronics, where signals are conveyed by electrons, with the world of the living, where information exchange relies on chemical signals. The function of the OECT is controlled by the properties of its core component, an organic conductor. Its chemical structure and interactions with electrolyte molecules at the nanoscale play a key role in regulating OECT operation and performance. Herein, the latest research progress in the design of active materials for OECTs is reviewed. Particular focus is given on the conducting polymers whose properties lead to advances in understanding the OECT working mechanism and improving the interface with biological systems for bioelectronics. The methods and device models that are developed to elucidate key relations between the structure of conducting polymer films and OECT function are discussed. Finally, the requirements of OECT design for in vivo applications are briefly outlined. The outcomes represent an important step toward the integration of organic electronic components with biological systems to record and modulate their functions.

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Section: Oect Working Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active Materials for Organic Electrochemical Transistors

2018

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“…For example, the model of Bernards predicts that transconductance is constant in the linear regime and decreases linearly with gate voltage in the saturation regime. 1 Other models for OECTs assume a non-linear relationship between conductivity and charge carrier concentration in the polymer, 7,25 and Friedlein et al noted that hopping transport would cause such a relationship. 25 Although these models fit experimental results showing non-constant transconductance in the linear regime, they do not predict a bell-shaped dependence of transconductance on gate voltage.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Other models for OECTs assume a non-linear relationship between conductivity and charge carrier concentration in the polymer, 7,25 and Friedlein et al noted that hopping transport would cause such a relationship. 25 Although these models fit experimental results showing non-constant transconductance in the linear regime, they do not predict a bell-shaped dependence of transconductance on gate voltage. Nonetheless, the partial success of these models suggests that material disorder causes non-linear transfer curves in OECTs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Influence of disorder on transfer characteristics of organic electrochemical transistors

Friedlein

Rivnay

Dunlap

et al. 2017

Applied Physics Letters

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Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are receiving a great deal of attention as transducers of biological signals due to their high transconductance. A ubiquitous property of these devices is the non-monotonic dependence of transconductance on gate voltage. However, this behavior is not described by existing models. Using OECTs made of materials with different chemical and electrical properties, we show that this behavior arises from the influence of disorder on the electronic transport properties of the organic semiconductor and occurs even in the absence of contact resistance. These results imply that the non-monotonic transconductance is an intrinsic property of OECTs and cannot be eliminated by device design or contact engineering. Finally, we present a model based on the physics of electronic conduction in disordered materials. This model fits experimental transconductance curves and describes strategies for rational material design to improve OECT performance in sensing applications.

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“…In PEDOT:PSS, the electrochemical ion exchange described below changes both the conductivity and the absorption spectrum of PEDOT [10,13,39]:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Switchable diffractive optics using patterned PEDOT:PSS based electrochromic thin-films

Marks

Glugla

Friedlein

et al. 2016

Organic Electronics

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We demonstrate switchable, thin film diffractive optical gratings and Fresnel zone plate lenses fabricated using a micro-patterned electrochromic polymer and gel electrolyte. Electrochemically switching the conductive polymer PEDOT:PSS causes the patterned layer to change between a low-absorption to high-absorption state, acting as an amplitude diffractive optical element. The switchable lens and gratings were fabricated using a lithographically patterned electrochromic polymer, a gel electrolyte, and an ITO coated glass substrate. Within an applied voltage of-1 V to 1 V, the diffraction efficiency of the switchable lens can be varied 4.1-fold between the 'on' and 'off' states. Due to their low actuation voltage and biocompatibility, electrochemically actuated diffractive optics have potential applications in low power and implantable biomedical devices.

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Optical Measurements Revealing Nonuniform Hole Mobility in Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Abstract: Equation 6 of this manuscript was incorrect in the originally published version. The correct equation is:The overall results reported are unaffected by this error. CORRECTION

Cited by 53 publications

References 67 publications

Active Materials for Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Active Materials for Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Influence of disorder on transfer characteristics of organic electrochemical transistors

Switchable diffractive optics using patterned PEDOT:PSS based electrochromic thin-films

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