Optical mapping of prefrontal activity in pathological gamblers

Lin, Xiaohong; Xu, Shiyang; Ieong, Hada Fong-ha; Yuan, Zhen

doi:10.1364/ao.56.005948

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Moreover, it would be interesting to investigate whether the lack of preparatory suppression extends to other substance use disorders. Yet, it is noteworthy that structural and functional prefrontal alterations still exist in GDPs (84)(85)(86)(87)(88), even in the absence of any substance use disorder comorbidity (89). In particular, an increasing literature has led to consider the neuromodulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, using high-frequency repetitive TMS, as a potential treatment for GD (66), with encouraging results in terms of craving reduction (90-92), but not regarding inhibitory control (93).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Considering Motor Excitability During Action Preparation in Gambling Disorder: A Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study

2020

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A lack of inhibitory control appears to contribute to the development and maintenance of addictive disorders. Among the mechanisms thought to assist inhibitory control, an increasing focus has been drawn on the so-called preparatory suppression, which refers to the drastic suppression observed in the motor system during action preparation. Interestingly, deficient preparatory suppression has been reported in alcohol use disorders. However, it is currently unknown whether this deficit also concerns behavioral, substance-free, addictions, and thus whether it might represent a vulnerability factor common to both substance and behavioral addictive disorders. To address this question, neural measures of preparatory suppression were obtained in gambling disorder patients (GDPs) and matched healthy control subjects. To do so, single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation was applied over the left and the right motor cortex to elicit motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) in both hands when participants were performing a choice reaction time task. In addition, choice and rapid response impulsivity were evaluated in all participants, using self-report measures and neuropsychological tasks. Consistent with a large body of literature, the MEP data revealed that the activity of the motor system was drastically reduced during action preparation in healthy subjects. Surprisingly, though, a similar MEP suppression was observed in GDPs, indicating that those subjects do not globally suffer from a deficit in preparatory suppression. By contrast, choice impulsivity was higher in GDPs than healthy subjects, and a higher rapid response impulsivity was found in the more severe forms of GD. Altogether, those results demonstrated that although some aspects of inhibitory control are impaired in GDPs, these alterations do not seem to concern preparatory suppression. Yet, the profile of individuals suffering of a GD is very heterogeneous, with only part of them presenting an impulsive disposition, such as in patients with alcohol use disorders. Hence, a lack of preparatory suppression may be only shared by this sub-type of addicts, an interesting issue for future investigation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Considering Motor Excitability During Action Preparation in Gambling Disorder: A Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study

2020

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“…The high cut filter can remove the high-frequency measurement instrumental noise while the low cut filters can remove the slow physiological noise. 54 In addition, a three-dimensional (3-D) magnetic space digitizer Patriot Digitizer (Polhemus Inc.) was utilized to capture the 3-D spatial coordinates of each optode placed on the participant's scalp. A probabilistic registration method from NIRS-SPM software was used to estimate each channel's corresponding coordinates in the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) space, 57 and the results were provided in Table 1.…”

Section: Fnirs Data Recordingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, fNIRS is able to offer the quantitative hemodynamic measures for both oxyhemoglobin (HbO) and deoxyhemoglobin (HbR), which is essential for revealing the rapid changes of dynamic patterns in the brain, including the changes of blood oxygen, blood volume, and blood flow. [51][52][53][54][55] Combining behavioral measures and functional neuroimaging techniques, this study aims to examine the cognitive effort associated with "pairing," "transphrasing," and "nontranslation" during Chinese to English SI. As such, we hypothesize that: (a) compared with "transphrasing," "pairing" takes up less effort for bilingual language processing (decoding and encoding) but requires more effort for cognitive control (control of interference); (b) "transphrasing" takes up more effort for bilingual language processing (decoding and encoding) but requires less effort for cognitive control (control of interference); and (c) among the three strategies, "nontranslation" requires the least language processing and control effort.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Which is more costly in Chinese to English simultaneous interpreting, “pairing” or “transphrasing”? Evidence from an fNIRS neuroimaging study

Lin

Lei

et al. 2018

Neurophoton.

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This study examined the neural mechanism underlying two translation strategies associated with Chinese to English simultaneous interpreting (SI) targeting the left prefrontal cortex (PFC), which is generally involved in the control of interference and conflict resolution and has been identified as the brain area that plays a pivotal role in SI. Brain activation associated with the two strategies including "pairing" and "transphrasing" were compared with that from "nontranslation," which keeps the source language item unchanged in the target language production and is considered as a tactic that does not require complex cognitive operation associated with bilingual processing effort. Our findings revealed that "pairing" elicited the strongest and almost immediate brain activation in the Broca's area, and "transphrasing" resulted in the most extensive and strongest activation overall in the left PFC. By contrast, "nontranslation" induced very little brain activation in these regions. This work, which represents one of the first efforts in investigating brain activation related to translation strategies involving different levels of cognitive control, will not only pave a new avenue for better understanding of the cognitive mechanism underlying SI but also provide further insight into the role that the Broca's region plays in domain-general cognitive control.

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“…Compared with deoxy-Hb signals and total-Hb signals, oxy-Hb signals are a more sensitive indicator of changes associated with regional cerebral blood flow. Thus, oxy-Hb signals were selected as the research objects of this study [ 79 , 80 , 81 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is There a Difference in Brain Functional Connectivity between Chinese Coal Mine Workers Who Have Engaged in Unsafe Behavior and Those Who Have Not?

Tian

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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(1) Background: As a world-recognized high-risk occupation, coal mine workers need various cognitive functions to process the surrounding information to cope with a large number of perceived hazards or risks. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the connection between coal mine workers’ neural activity and unsafe behavior from the perspective of cognitive neuroscience. This study explored the functional brain connectivity of coal mine workers who have engaged in unsafe behaviors (EUB) and those who have not (NUB). (2) Methods: Based on functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), a total of 106 workers from the Hongliulin coal mine of Shaanxi North Mining Group, one of the largest modern coal mines in China, completed the test. Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient (COR) analysis, brain network analysis, and two-sample t-test were used to investigate the difference in brain functional connectivity between the two groups. (3) Results: The results showed that there were significant differences in functional brain connectivity between EUB and NUB among the frontopolar area (p = 0.002325), orbitofrontal area (p = 0.02102), and pars triangularis Broca’s area (p = 0.02888). Small-world properties existed in the brain networks of both groups, and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex had significant differences in clustering coefficient (p = 0.0004), nodal efficiency (p = 0.0384), and nodal local efficiency (p = 0.0004). (4) Conclusions: This study is the first application of fNIRS to the field of coal mine safety. The fNIRS brain functional connectivity analysis is a feasible method to investigate the neuropsychological mechanism of unsafe behavior in coal mine workers in the view of brain science.

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Optical mapping of prefrontal activity in pathological gamblers

Cited by 9 publications

References 14 publications

Considering Motor Excitability During Action Preparation in Gambling Disorder: A Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study

Considering Motor Excitability During Action Preparation in Gambling Disorder: A Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study

Which is more costly in Chinese to English simultaneous interpreting, “pairing” or “transphrasing”? Evidence from an fNIRS neuroimaging study

Is There a Difference in Brain Functional Connectivity between Chinese Coal Mine Workers Who Have Engaged in Unsafe Behavior and Those Who Have Not?

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