Optical manifestations of superluminal expansion of components belonging to the millisecond radio structure in the quasar 3C 345

Dipole–vortex structure of the obscuring tori in active galactic nuclei

“…The complete analysis of the instability may appear rather complicated and is not meant here in this paper. Nevertheless, in its character and behavior the instability is similar to the observable quasar radiation bursts [19] that can testify to the discussed dynamic role of the AGN toroidal vortices (see Fig. 7 and discussion further in this paper).…”

Continuum radiation from active galactic nuclei

“…In the near infrared region (1-10 gm), rapid variations occur on a timescale of days (Rieke et al 1976;Rieke and Lebofsky 1979;Robson et al 1986;Bregman et al 1986Bregman et al , 1988Smith et al 1987;Lorenzetti et al 1987;Courvoisier et al 1988; longer timescale variability is discussed by Cutri et al 1985 andNeugebauer et al 1989). Relative to near infrared variations, slightly more rapid variations occur in the optical waveband, where the characteristic timescale is typically a day in the best-studied sources such as BL Lac, OJ 287, AO 0235 + 164, and others (the range is hours to days; Rieke et al 1976;Pica et al 1980;Moore et al 1982;Babadyhanzants andBelokon' 1984, 1986;Lloyd 1984;Sitko et al 1985;Moles et al 1986;Hagen-Thorn et al 1987;Moore et al 1987;Smith et al 1987;Barbieri et al 1988;Corso et al 1988;Kidger 1988;Kikuchi et al 1988;Pica et al 1988;Sillanpaa et al 1988;Perez et al 1989;Miller and Carini 1989;Carini 1990;Solomos et al 1990;Webb 1990). There is little data suitable for studying the short-term ultraviolet variability, although it does appear to be comparable to the optical fluctuations (Glassgold et al 1983;Ulrich et al 1988;Urry et al 1988;O'Brien et al 1988b;…”

Acceleration and ejection of interacting ring vortices by radial flow

“…Note, that at small (parsec scale for active galaxy nuclei) distances to a nucleus, generation of separate (including superluminal ones) components of radio jets is observed [19], which are correlating with bursts in optical band [20]. Formation of the components is usually associated with the processes, occurring on the background of continuous flows (for example, as a result of generation of shocks).…”

“…(19) Substituting into Eq. (17) and passing to the Cartesian coordinates, we obtain the coordinates of the turning point: (20) where q = 4π Q /A. When q → 0, then x * → y ∞ , y * → ∞, and the angle corresponding to the turning point tends to π/2.…”