Optical intensity modulators for digital and analog applications

Li, G.L.; Yu, Paul K. L.

doi:10.1109/jlt.2003.815654

Cited by 254 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In commercial optical fiber transmission systems, intensity modulation (IM) and on-off-keying (OOK) are commonly used [1], however, recently, various types of modulation techniques, such as, phase-shift-keying (PSK), quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), etc, were investigated to obtain enhanced spectral efficiency or receiver sensitivity [2]. Direct modulation of injected current to laser diodes provides a simple transmitter configuration, however, operation speed is limited by the frequency response of lasers, and output would have undesired optical frequency or phase shift (chirp, henceforth) [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators for quadrature amplitude modulation

Kawanishi

2011

IEICE Electron. Express

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This paper describes optical quadrature amplitude modulation techniques using parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZMs). Arbitrary constellations of optical signals can be generated by using a dual-parallel MZM which can independently control real and imaginary components of lightwaves, where each MZM should be driven by multi-level electric signals. Many parallel MZMs, such as quad-parallel MZMs, octet-parallel MZMs can synthesize optical multi-level signals from binary data stream generated by electronics designed for binary modulation formats. We also investigate characterization methods of parallel MZMs. Precise measurement of half-wave voltage, extinction ratio and chirp parameter of each MZM element can be achieved by using optical spectrum analysis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators for quadrature amplitude modulation

Kawanishi

2011

IEICE Electron. Express

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“…The ER between the optical intensity at the ON-state and at the OFF-state is determined by the optical balance between the two arms. It can be calculated as follow (Li and Yu 2003):…”

Section: Study and Analysis Of Some Factors Influencing The Performanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of 2-bit multiplier based on electro-optic effect in Mach–Zehnder interferometers

et al. 2015

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This paper demonstrates the structure and working principle of an optical 2-bit multiplier using lithium niobate (LiNbO 3 ) based Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). The powerful ability of MZI structures to switch the optical signal from one output port to the other output port has been used in the implementation of the proposed 2-bit multiplier. The paper constitutes the mathematical description of the 2-bit multiplier and thereafter compilation using MATLAB. The study is carried out by simulating the proposed device with Beam propagation method (BPM).

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“…Therefore, in high data rate links indirect modulation has better performance. However, an ARoF link suffers from the nonlinearity of both microwave and optical components that constitute the optical link (Al-Raweshidy & Komaki, 2002;Cox, 2004;Li & Yu, 2003). Fig.…”

Section: Radio Over Fiber Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%