Optical Information for Car Following: The Driving by Visual Angle (DVA) Model

Abstract

The DVA model has applications to several traffic safety issues, including automated driving systems and traffic flow models.

Effects of edge rate of the designed line markings on the following time headway

“…In this study, when the edge rate falls in [5 Hz,14 Hz], the speed decreases along with the increase in edge rate; in the study of Liu et al [22], a similar speed reduction occurred as the edge rate increased from 8 Hz to 16 Hz. Though we conducted experiments in a real-world expressway, which was signi cantly di erent from the simulation study of Liu, the similar result could be taken from the quantitative relation between perceived and physical variables that were introduced by Shen et al [18].…”

“…Figure 6 shows that the speed decreases when the edge rate increases from 5 Hz to 14 Hz. Speci cally, when the edge rate falls in [5 Hz,8 Hz], the speed slightly uctuates with a gentle declination; when the edge rate falls in [8 Hz,14 Hz], the speed decreases sharply.…”

“…Boer [13] argued that in each driving task, drivers utilized a set of highly informative perceptual variables to guide decision making and control (perceptual rather than Newtonian input). Similarly, Andersen and Sauer [14] de ned car-following as a perceptual process which could be determined by the visual angle. Also, Van Winsum [15] commented on the car-following study of Brackstone and McDonalds [8] that human factors like fatigue, visual conditions, and mental e ort and attention could a ect driver's control of time headway.…”

“…Statistical analyses showed that (1) Time headways raised after the installation of line markings compared with the original situation; and (2) When the value of edge rate fell in [5 Hz,14 Hz], the time headway rose along the increase in the edge rate. Furthermore, the increases in time headways were interpreted in relation with the leveling up of the drivers' risk perception due to its overestimation in speed and underestimation in distance caused by edge rate.…”

Effects of alcohol on automated and controlled driving performances

“…This could be due to the variation of the obstacle vehicle's size: after deceleration, the obstacle's angular size increases, which entails a higher risk of crash; conversely, after acceleration it decreased, posing less of a risk for the participant (Andersen and Sauer 2007).…”