OPTICAL IMAGING POLARIMETRY OF THE LkCa 15 PROTOPLANETARY DISK WITH SPHERE ZIMPOL

Thalmann, Christian; Mulders, Gijs D.; Janson, Markus; Olofsson, J.; Benisty, M.; Avenhaus, H.; Quanz, Sascha P.; Schmid, Hans Martin; Henning, Thomas; Buenzli, E.; Ménard, F.; Carson, J.; Garufi, A.; Messina, S.; Dominik, C.; Leisenring, Jarron; Chauvin, G.; Meyer, Michael

doi:10.1088/2041-8205/808/2/l41

Cited by 95 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The brightness of the northwest side is significantly brighter than that of the southeast side, and this characteristic crescent of brightness is consistent with the optical imaging results of Thalmann et al (2015).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

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Near-infrared imaging polarimetry of LkCa 15: A possible warped inner disk

Hashimoto

Tamura

et al. 2016

Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan

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We present high-contrast H-band polarized intensity images of the transitional disk around the young solar-like star LkCa 15. By utilizing Subaru/HiCIAO for polarimetric differential imaging, both the angular resolution and the inner working angle reach 0.07 ′′ and r=0.1 ′′ , respectively. We obtained a clearly resolved gap (width < ∼ 27 AU) at ∼ 48 AU from the central star. This gap is consistent with images reported in previous studies. We also confirmed the existence of a bright inner disk with a misaligned position angle of 13±4 • with respect to that of the outer disk, i.e., the inner disk is possibly warped. The large gap and the warped inner disk both point to the existence of a multiple planetary system with a mass of < ∼ 1M Jup .

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…More recently, the inner disk was newly discovered by Thalmann et al (2015) at optical wavelengths (590-890 nm). Therefore, LkCa 15 may serve an excellent laboratory for studying the interaction between infant planets and the protoplanetary disk structure they sculp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-infrared imaging polarimetry of LkCa 15: A possible warped inner disk

Hashimoto

Tamura

et al. 2016

Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan

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“…Such features have been detected in the disks around numerous nearby, young stars via submillimeter interferometry (Hughes et al 2007;Andrews et al 2009;Isella et al 2010;Andrews et al 2016;van der Plas et al 2017) and scattered light imaging (Garufi et al 2013;Akiyama et al 2015;Benisty et al 2015;Rapson et al 2015aRapson et al , 2015bThalmann et al 2015). In fact, observers need to look no further than TW Hydrae, the nearest protoplanetary disk (59.5 ± 0.9 pc; Gaia Collaboration 2016), to find gap features that could indicate the presence of planets potentially undergoing formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Imaging Search for Planets Forming in the TW Hya Protoplanetary Disk with the Keck/NIRC2 Vortex Coronagraph

Ruane

Mawet

Kastner

et al. 2017

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Distinct gap features in the nearest protoplanetary disk, TW Hya (distance of 59.5 ± 0.9 pc), may be signposts of ongoing planet formation. We performed long-exposure thermal infrared coronagraphic imaging observations to search for accreting planets, especially within dust gaps previously detected in scattered light and submillimeterwave thermal emission. Three nights of observations with the Keck/NIRC2 vortex coronagraph in L′ (3.4-4.1 μm) did not reveal any statistically significant point sources. We thereby set strict upper limits on the masses of nonaccreting planets. In the four most prominent disk gaps at 24, 41, 47, and 88 au, we obtain upper mass limits of 1.6-2.3, 1.1-1.6, 1.1-1.5, and 1.0-1.2 Jupiter masses(M J ), assuming an age range of 7-10Myr for TW Hya. These limits correspond to the contrast at 95% completeness (true positive fraction of 0.95) with a 1% chance of a false positive within 1″ of the star. We also approximate an upper limit on the product of the planet mass and planetary accretion rate of M M M 10 yrimplying that any putative ∼0.1 M J planet, which could be responsible for opening the 24 au gap, is presently accreting at rates insufficient to build up a Jupiter mass within TW Hya's pre-main-sequence lifetime.

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“…This requires highresolution and high-contrast imaging with the best sensitivity possible. Therefore, we use polarimetric differential imaging (PDI; e.g., Kuhn et al 2001;Apai et al 2004) which is a powerful technique to suppress the unpolarized speckle halo from a star and reveal the scattered light from a protoplanetary disk surface which is orders of magnitude fainter (e.g., Quanz et al 2011;Hashimoto et al 2012;Grady et al 2013;Avenhaus et al 2014a;Thalmann et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shadows cast on the transition disk of HD 135344B

Stolker

Dominik

Avenhaus

et al. 2016

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Context. The protoplanetary disk around the F-type star HD 135344B (SAO 206462) is in a transition stage and shows many intriguing structures both in scattered light and thermal (sub-)millimeter emission which are possibly related to planet formation processes. Aims. We aim to study the morphology and surface brightness of the disk in scattered light to gain insight into the innermost disk regions, the formation of protoplanets, planet-disk interactions traced in the surface and midplane layers, and the dust grain properties of the disk surface. Methods. We have carried out high-contrast polarimetric differential imaging (PDI) observations with VLT/SPHERE and obtained polarized scattered light images with ZIMPOL in the R and I-bands and with IRDIS in the Y and J-bands. The scattered light images and surface brightness profiles are used to study in detail structures in the disk surface and brightness variations. We have constructed a 3D radiative transfer model to support the interpretation of several detected shadow features. Results. The scattered light images reveal with unprecedented angular resolution and sensitivity the spiral arms as well as the 25 au cavity of the disk. Multiple shadow features are discovered on the outer disk with one shadow only being present during the second observation epoch. A positive surface brightness gradient is observed in the stellar irradiation corrected (r 2 -scaled) images in southwest direction possibly due to an azimuthally asymmetric perturbation of the temperature and/or surface density by the passing spiral arms. The disk integrated polarized flux, normalized to the stellar flux, shows a positive trend towards longer wavelengths which we attribute to large (2πa λ) aggregate dust grains in the disk surface. Part of the non-azimuthal polarization signal in the U φ image of the J-band observation can be attributed to multiple scattering in the disk. Conclusions. The detected shadow features and their possible variability have the potential to provide insight into the structure of and processes occurring in the innermost disk regions. Possible explanations for the presence of the shadows include a 22 • misaligned inner disk, a warped disk region that connects the inner disk with the outer disk, and variable or transient phenomena such as a perturbation of the inner disk or an asymmetric accretion flow. The spiral arms are best explained by one or multiple protoplanets in the exterior of the disk although no gap is detected beyond the spiral arms up to 1. 0.

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OPTICAL IMAGING POLARIMETRY OF THE LkCa 15 PROTOPLANETARY DISK WITH SPHERE ZIMPOL

Cited by 95 publications

References 39 publications

Near-infrared imaging polarimetry of LkCa 15: A possible warped inner disk

Near-infrared imaging polarimetry of LkCa 15: A possible warped inner disk

Deep Imaging Search for Planets Forming in the TW Hya Protoplanetary Disk with the Keck/NIRC2 Vortex Coronagraph

Shadows cast on the transition disk of HD 135344B

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