Optical HAPS Eavesdropping in Vertical Heterogeneous Networks

Abstract

In the next generation (6G) wireless networks, the integration of terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks is essential to provide flawless connectivity over the globe. The vital element of this architecture is the high altitude platform station (HAPS) systems, which can provide reliable and ubiquitous connectivity among satellites, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and terrestrial users. Motivated by the importance of HAPS systems, in this paper, we provide three different use-cases for HAPS eavesdropping scenarios and investigate their physical layer security (PLS) performances. To quantify the PLS performance of the proposed setups, we perform secrecy outage probability (SOP), probability of positive secrecy (PPSC), average secrecy capacity (ASC), and secrecy throughput (ST) analyses. Furthermore, we also provide important design guidelines that can be beneficial for secure HAPS systems.

Realization of 4 × 200 Gbps 4-QAM OFDM-OWC System Using Higher Order OAM Modes for HAP-to-Satellites Scenario

“…Three distinct eavesdropping scenarios are presented and investigated for the security of physical layer performance in HAP systems. According to results, the eavesdropper signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), scattering proportion, distance, and zenith angle can be crucial factors in supporting communication security in HAP systems [13]. An integrated free space optics (FSO) and radio frequency (RF) downlink link is presented for data delivery via FSO link to relays.…”

“…OAM modes have proven strong in terabit-to-petabit scale potential transmission, and they have gained from a dozen to hundreds of percent spectral efficiency over OWC links [11]. Despite the numerous benefits of OAM in OWC links, there are several predominant issues which were not discussed earlier using higher-order OAM modes in previous works for HAP scenarios in [12][13][14][15]. These major issues need to be addressed such as (1) OAM beams mode crosstalk owing to smaller differences among various modes, (2) receiver low power efficiency caused by very high order Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) modes in OAM, (3) mode leakage as a result of pointing errors, and (4) significant phase modulation when turbulence is present.…”