Optical Graphene Gas Sensors Based on Microfibers: A Review

Wu, Yu; Yao, Baicheng; Yu, Caibin; Rao, Yunjiang

doi:10.3390/s18040941

Cited by 43 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 99 publications

(112 reference statements)

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“…The thickness and the refractive index of the CVD film can be easily adjusted by altering the pressure and temperature of the deposition process. In many generic cases, synthesis of carbon allotropes such as graphene thin film using the CVD approach usually involves reaction gases like methane and dilute hydrogen environment, on a copper foil as a catalyst substrate at over 1000 • C [6]. Transfer of the thin film can be done in several ways.…”

Section: Chemical Vapor Deposition (Cvd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carbon allotrope-based OFS exist in various system designs due to the variety of fiber structures, optical interrogation methods, and deposition techniques that can be adopted to achieve highly sensitive and selective detection of target molecules. Nevertheless, these sensors usually share a common sensing scheme, where a small portion of the guided wave energy, known as the evanescence wave, penetrates the fiber cladding and interacts with the nanocarbon coating [6]. The bindings of molecules or physical changes in the surrounding environment can be detected by the evanescence wave and contribute to a refractive index and/or optical property change that enables quantification…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon Allotrope-Based Optical Fibers for Environmental and Biological Sensing: A Review

Yap

Chan

Tjin

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Recently, carbon allotropes have received tremendous research interest and paved a new avenue for optical fiber sensing technology. Carbon allotropes exhibit unique sensing properties such as large surface to volume ratios, biocompatibility, and they can serve as molecule enrichers. Meanwhile, optical fibers possess a high degree of surface modification versatility that enables the incorporation of carbon allotropes as the functional coating for a wide range of detection tasks. Moreover, the combination of carbon allotropes and optical fibers also yields high sensitivity and specificity to monitor target molecules in the vicinity of the nanocoating surface. In this review, the development of carbon allotropes-based optical fiber sensors is studied. The first section provides an overview of four different types of carbon allotropes, including carbon nanotubes, carbon dots, graphene, and nanodiamonds. The second section discusses the synthesis approaches used to prepare these carbon allotropes, followed by some deposition techniques to functionalize the surface of the optical fiber, and the associated sensing mechanisms. Numerous applications that have benefitted from carbon allotrope-based optical fiber sensors such as temperature, strain, volatile organic compounds and biosensing applications are reviewed and summarized. Finally, a concluding section highlighting the technological deficiencies, challenges, and suggestions to overcome them is presented.2 of 43 of target molecules or physical parameters. In some instances, surface-modified carbon allotropes also permit multi-parameter detection capabilities of carbon allotrope-based OFS [7]. As such, an insight into the recent advances of carbon allotrope-based OFS can serve as a guideline to develop an effective detection approach for emerging real-world applications. Many review articles on carbon allotrope-based OFS mainly focus on a single type of carbon allotrope and the fundamental theory of carbon allotrope-based OFS [8,9]. Thus, this comprehensive review article encompasses the properties, preparation, sensing mechanisms, nanocoating deposition techniques, physical and biochemical sensing applications. This review aims to highlight the recent research work on carbon allotrope-based OFS that will serve as a reference guide for researchers to develop optimal detection approaches for physical parameters or trace level monitoring of chemical and biomolecules. Four groups of carbon allotropes, including carbon nanotubes (CNT), carbon dots (CDs), graphene, and nanodiamonds (NDs), will be studied. Commonly adopted synthesis approaches, classification of various deposition techniques for the integration of carbon allotropes as the thin film coating of OFS as well as numerous examples of these carbon allotrope-based OFS will also be outlined.

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Section: Chemical Vapor Deposition (Cvd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Allotrope-Based Optical Fibers for Environmental and Biological Sensing: A Review

Yap

Chan

Tjin

et al. 2020

Sensors

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“…Otherwise, at least a small portion of light must travel out of the fibre core allowing for interaction with a chemically sensitive material. Thus, a large number of fibre chemical sensors rely on microstructured optical fibres (MOF) [9] or standard fibres with structural modifications, such as fibre tapers, microfibres, tilted fibre gratings, and fibre facets [10,11,12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Methods for Fibre-Optic Distributed Chemical Sensing

Thomas

Hellevang

2019

Sensors

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Chemical sensing is of great importance in many application fields, such as medicine, environmental monitoring, and industrial process control. Distributed fibre-optic sensing received significant attention because of its unique feature to make spatially resolved measurements along the entire fibre. Distributed chemical sensing (DCS) is the combination of these two techniques and offers potential solutions to real-world applications that require spatially dense chemical measurements covering large length scales. This paper presents a review of the working principles, current status, and the emerging trends within DCS.

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“…Graphene is a one-atom-thick planar sheet consisted of sp2-bonded carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb crystal lattice [1]. As graphene has novel electronic properties (the electron mobility is 2 × 10 5 cm 2 ·v −1 ·s −1 ), optical properties (the transparency is 97.9%), thermal Properties (the thermal conductivity is 5000 W·m −1 ·K −1 ), mechanical properties (the Young’s modulus is 1.1 TPa), and the 2630 m 2 /g specific surface area, it is considered to be a promising candidate for application of various fields, such as electronic components, photons sensors, thermal materials, and gene sequencing [2,3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Copper Substrates on Irradiation Effects of Graphene: A Molecular Dynamics Study

et al. 2019

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In this paper, classical molecular dynamics simulations are conducted to study the graphene grown on copper substrates under ion beam irradiation, in which the emphasis is put on the influence copper substrate on a single graphene layer. It can be inferred that the actual transmission and distribution of kinetic energy from incident ion play important roles in irradiation-defects forming process together. The minimum value needed to generate defects in supported graphene is higher than 2.67 keV, which is almost twice the damage threshold as the suspended graphene sheet. This work indicates the presence of copper substrate increases the damage threshold of graphene. Additionally, our results provide an atomistic explanation for the graphene with copper substrate under ion irradiation, which is very important for engineering graphene.

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Optical Graphene Gas Sensors Based on Microfibers: A Review

Cited by 43 publications

References 99 publications

Carbon Allotrope-Based Optical Fibers for Environmental and Biological Sensing: A Review

Carbon Allotrope-Based Optical Fibers for Environmental and Biological Sensing: A Review

A Review of Methods for Fibre-Optic Distributed Chemical Sensing

The Influence of Copper Substrates on Irradiation Effects of Graphene: A Molecular Dynamics Study

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