Optical graded-index elements made from glass

Yakhkind, A. K.

doi:10.1364/jot.70.000877

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In the case where it is necessary to obtain a parabolic spatial distribution of the refractive index, the concentrations of exchanging components, as was shown in [2], should vary according to the hyperbolic law. This law of the concentration distribution has repeatedly been observed in our experiments concerned with microprobe measurements of the concentration distribution upon ion-exchange synthesis of gradient-index elements either from the initial glass SFS 1560 [3] (exchange between Li + ions from a softened glass and Me + ions from the melt phase) or from the initial glass Tl-26 [3] (exchange between Tl + and Me + ions, where Me is an element from the first main subgroup in the Periodic Table). A comprehensive review of the results obtained was given in [4].…”

Section: Determination and Analysis Of The Distribution Curve Of The supporting

confidence: 74%

“…The validity of using these experimentally found quantities for analysis of the spatial distribution of the refractive index can be justified as follows. For all the previously studied initial glasses [3] and different pairs of exchanging components, it was established that, upon heat treatment of a gradient-index element in the absence of a salt melt at a temperature 30-50 K above the glass transition point T g of the most refractory glass in the series of glasses prepared through mutual substitution of exchanging components, the glass residue R (the spatial network containing all components, except for ionogenic components) relaxes and acquires the same values of the properties as those of annealed glasses melted from the batch [10,11].…”

Section: Determination and Analysis Of The Distribution Curve Of The mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…= the relaxation processes have already been completed [3,5,10,11]. Equation (7) as applied to solving the problem under consideration has some advantages over the equations relating the refractive index gradient to the radial coordinate.…”

Section: Experimental Verification Of the Theoretical Distribution Cumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4. For illustration, we chose two groups of samples: (i) low-aperture samples 1 and 2 prepared through the exchange between lithium ions from the glass SFS 1560 [3] and sodium ions from the salt melt and (ii) high-aperture samples 3 and 4 prepared through the exchange between thallium ions from the glass Tl-26 [6] and potassium ions from the salt melt. The synthesis conditions are given in the table.…”

Section: Experimental Verification Of the Theoretical Distribution Cumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This quantity is defined as the product of the refractive index of the material multiplied by its molar volume. Historical evidence regarding the origin of the notion of the moleadditive modification of the refractive index and the use of this quantity both in the physicochemical analysis (the concept of the metric of an equilibrium chemical diagram) and as a characteristic of vitreous systems have already been reported elsewhere [1][2][3][4][5][6]. In the present paper, we will dwell briefly on the advantages of the application of this concept in practice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Theoretical Aspects of the Ion Exchange in the Fabrication of Focusing Gradient-Index Lenses

Yakhkind

Mogileva

2005

Glass Phys Chem

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An expression relating the refractive index at different points of the gradient region of an axially symmetric ion-exchanged gradient-index element to the concentration of the component incorporated into the glass from the salt melt is derived and analyzed. It is demonstrated that the radial distribution of the refractive index gradient in a focusing gradient-index element is described by an even function symmetric about the ordinate axis with a local minimum on it and two side maxima in the surface region of the cylinder. This provides an explanation for the origin of the surface "tails." A theoretical relationship is obtained using the metric of the equilibrium chemical diagram. The correctness of this relationship is verified for the case of the exchange between lithium ions from an alkali borosilicate glass and sodium ions from the salt melt, as well as for the case of the exchange between thallium ions from a thallium borosilicate glass and potassium ions from the salt melt.

show abstract

Section: Determination and Analysis Of The Distribution Curve Of The supporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Determination and Analysis Of The Distribution Curve Of The mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Verification Of the Theoretical Distribution Cumentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Verification Of the Theoretical Distribution Cumentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Theoretical Aspects of the Ion Exchange in the Fabrication of Focusing Gradient-Index Lenses

Yakhkind

Mogileva

2005

Glass Phys Chem

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Fabrication and Characterization of GRIN Plastic Rods Containing Silver Nanoparticles with Novel Surfmers

Liu

Tseng

2004

Macro Chemistry & Physics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary: Both novel polymerizable surfactants of 2‐(methacroyloxy)ethyl succinate (MAES) and succinic acid mono{11‐[2‐(2‐methylacryloyloxy)ethoxy]undecyl} ester (SAME‐11) were synthesized in this investigation. A novel method was also developed for the preparation of gradient refractive index (GRIN) plastic rods containing inorganic nanoparticles with the polymerizable surfactants (surfmers). Silver nanoparticles were prepared using W/O (water in oil) reverse micelle technique in the presence of the surfmers. The effect of w values (w = [H2O]/[surfmer]), silver nitrate concentration, surfmer/isooctane/H2O ratio, and initiator concentration on the nanoparticle size was investigated. The optical absorption spectra of the micellar samples were recorded on a spectrophotometer at room temperature in the range of 200–900 nm. The nanoparticle size was confirmed with a transmission electron microcopy (TEM) technique. To introduce the nanoparticles into the GRIN plastic rods, methyl methacrylate (MMA) was used instead of isooctane in the organic phase. Nanoparticles were found to increase the refractive index of plastic rods effectively. Light scattering and an opaque appearance due to the aggregation of nanoparticles and the existence of surfactants were solved using the polymerizable surfmers in this investigation. We estimated both the real image transmission and the three dimensional refractive index distributions of the prepared GRIN plastic rods. The results of this investigation suggested that nanoparticles could be used as a kind of dopant to fabricate GRIN plastic rods and increased its refractive index effectively. Polymerizable surfactant could further raise the refractive index of the core of the GRIN rods leading to an increase of the numerical apertures (NA) and the acceptance angle (θmax) of the plastic rods.Three dimensional refractive index distribution of GRIN plastic rod prepared in this investigation.magnified imageThree dimensional refractive index distribution of GRIN plastic rod prepared in this investigation.

show abstract

Functional photonic structures for external interaction with flexible/wearable devices

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Optical graded-index elements made from glass

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Theoretical Aspects of the Ion Exchange in the Fabrication of Focusing Gradient-Index Lenses

Theoretical Aspects of the Ion Exchange in the Fabrication of Focusing Gradient-Index Lenses

Fabrication and Characterization of GRIN Plastic Rods Containing Silver Nanoparticles with Novel Surfmers

Functional photonic structures for external interaction with flexible/wearable devices

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About