Optical Gaze Tracking with Spatially-Sparse Single-Pixel Detectors

Li, Richard; Whitmire, Eric; Stengel, Michael; Boudaoud, Ben; Kautz, Jan; Luebke, David; Patel, Shwetak; Akşit, Kaan

doi:10.1109/ismar50242.2020.00033

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The accuracy requirements of a gaze-contingent varifocal display have recently been systematically studied [15]. Unfortunately, our proof-of-concept prototype is not equipped with eyegaze tracking hardware [4,31]. Our work assumes that such eye-gaze information is readily available.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metameric Varifocal Holography

Walton,

Kavaklı,

Anjos

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Fig. 1. Metameric varifocal holograms. We present a perceptually guided method for phase-only hologram generation for holographic display systems using eye-tracking. Our holograms reconstruct single-plane images at the correct focus levels. These holograms reconstruct high-resolution visuals at a user's fovea while displaying statistically correct content across their peripheral vision indistinguishable from the target images (metamers). We provide sample simulated image reconstructions at two different focus levels at the top row. The bottom row contains zoomed-in insets from these two reconstructions. The gaze location for each reconstruction is provided with a dot. The readers may best view this figure at a 60 cm wide display from a viewing distance of 80 cm. We intentionally choose sparse content as a target image to depict our approach's suitability for the emerging trend of augmented reality displays.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metameric Varifocal Holography

Walton,

Kavaklı,

Anjos

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Much of the innovation in freemotion eye tracking over the decades since Land's initial device has been focused on improving the accuracy of head tracking systems and improving coordination between head and eye signals (Hessels et al, 2015;Carter and Luke, 2020;Niehorster et al, 2020). While there have been recent developments in new eye-tracking hardware designs, eye-tracking embedded in consumer VR HMDs is based on the same principles as Land's early system (Chang et al, 2019;Li et al, 2020;Angelopoulos et al, 2021). In order for free-motion eyetracking to be done well, the head's position and rotation must be accurately tracked, the timing of head and eye signals must be closely coordinated, and the coordinate systems of at least the head tracking, eye-tracking, and visual scene must be aligned.…”

Section: Motion Tracking and Eye Tracking In Vrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye-Tracking Beyond Peripersonal Space in Virtual Reality: Validation and Best Practices

Lamb

Brundin

Luque

et al. 2022

Front. Virtual Real.

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Recent developments in commercial virtual reality (VR) hardware with embedded eye-tracking create tremendous opportunities for human subjects researchers. Accessible eye-tracking in VR opens new opportunities for highly controlled experimental setups in which participants can engage novel 3D digital environments. However, because VR embedded eye-tracking differs from the majority of historical eye-tracking research, in both providing for relatively unconstrained movement and stimulus presentation distances, there is a need for greater discussion around methods for implementation and validation of VR based eye-tracking tools. The aim of this paper is to provide a practical introduction to the challenges of, and methods for, 3D gaze-tracking in VR with a focus on best practices for results validation and reporting. Specifically, first, we identify and define challenges and methods for collecting and analyzing 3D eye-tracking data in VR. Then, we introduce a validation pilot study with a focus on factors related to 3D gaze tracking. The pilot study provides both a reference data point for a common commercial hardware/software platform (HTC Vive Pro Eye) and illustrates the proposed methods. One outcome of this study was the observation that accuracy and precision of collected data may depend on stimulus distance, which has consequences for studies where stimuli is presented on varying distances. We also conclude that vergence is a potentially problematic basis for estimating gaze depth in VR and should be used with caution as the field move towards a more established method for 3D eye-tracking.

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“…As it can get rid of needs in highdemanding computing power by capturing entire frames every moment (lesser pixels to capture), it could be as fast as 10 kHz. An interesting direction in eye and gaze tracking relies on using single pixel detectors (Topal et al, 2013;Li et al, 2020Li et al, , 2017) that may potentially lead to all day useable eye and gaze trackers with low power and low computational complexity.…”

Section: Eye Tracking Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Telelife: The Future of Remote Living

Orlosky

Sra

Bektaş

et al. 2021

Front. Virtual Real.

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In recent years, everyday activities such as work and socialization have steadily shifted to more remote and virtual settings. With the COVID-19 pandemic, the switch from physical to virtual has been accelerated, which has substantially affected almost all aspects of our lives, including business, education, commerce, healthcare, and personal life. This rapid and large-scale switch from in-person to remote interactions has exacerbated the fact that our current technologies lack functionality and are limited in their ability to recreate interpersonal interactions. To help address these limitations in the future, we introduce “Telelife,” a vision for the near and far future that depicts the potential means to improve remote living and better align it with how we interact, live and work in the physical world. Telelife encompasses novel synergies of technologies and concepts such as digital twins, virtual/physical rapid prototyping, and attention and context-aware user interfaces with innovative hardware that can support ultrarealistic graphics and haptic feedback, user state detection, and more. These ideas will guide the transformation of our daily lives and routines soon, targeting the year 2035. In addition, we identify opportunities across high-impact applications in domains related to this vision of Telelife. Along with a recent survey of relevant fields such as human-computer interaction, pervasive computing, and virtual reality, we provide a meta-synthesis in this paper that will guide future research on remote living.

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Optical Gaze Tracking with Spatially-Sparse Single-Pixel Detectors

Cited by 14 publications

References 48 publications

Metameric Varifocal Holography

Metameric Varifocal Holography

Eye-Tracking Beyond Peripersonal Space in Virtual Reality: Validation and Best Practices

Telelife: The Future of Remote Living

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