Optical frequency transfer with a 1284 km coherent fiber link

Calonico, Davide; Bertacco, E. K.; Calosso, Claudio; Clivati, Cecilia; Godone, A.; Frittelli, M.; Mura, Alberto; Zucco, Massimo; Levi, Filippo; Costanzo, Giovanni Antonio; Poli, N.; Sutyrin, D. V.; Tino, G. M.

doi:10.1109/eftf.2014.7331412

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Another advantage over satellite transfer is the elimination of possible jamming and spoofing attacks, antennas, and the necessity of having a clear sky view, which might be challenging to achieve in underground facilities or very large buildings. Recently, there has been increased number of theoretical studies, laboratory trials, and even field implementations of time and frequency transfer, e.g., [15,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44]. Many works [45,46,47,48,49] have addressed simultaneous transmissions of accurate time and stable frequency.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Transmission of Photonic Services over One Fiber with an ITU 100 GHz Grid

Horváth

Münster

Vojtěch

et al. 2019

Sensors

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The increasing interest in distributed sensors and the decreasing price of optical components have led to leveraging the use of existing fiber in deployments over optical networks and more application possibilities (from seismic activity measurement to perimeter protection and tunnel fire detection). Because of the possibility of data interference in single fibers, dark fibers are used. On the one hand, optical networks are able to transfer popular services, such as streaming and data transmission, and on the other hand, special advanced services such as an accurate time, a stable frequency, and high-power optical sensor signals can be provided. In our work, we address the simultaneous transmission of an accurate time, 100 G data, and a high-power optical sensor based on Phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometer ( Φ -OTDR). The measurement setup consists of the optical fiber G.652 (7 km), G.653 (7 km), and G.655 (10 km) and a combination of G.652D + G.653 (14 km). Moreover, we also provide results for their combination. The services were transferred in single fiber with an ITU 100 GHz channel spacing grid. We performed a set of measurements with an evaluation of the BER value for data transmission affected by a high-power sensor system and accurate time values. The results confirmed our assumptions that 100 GHz spacing is not large enough, especially with the increasing power level of the sensor system. The main aim of the article is to determine whether data are disturbed with normal 100 GHz channel spacing.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Transmission of Photonic Services over One Fiber with an ITU 100 GHz Grid

Horváth

Münster

Vojtěch

et al. 2019

Sensors

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“…A time transfer simulation experiment was carried out using two atomic clocks with stabilities of 1.0 × 10 −18 connected by a coaxial cable, and the results of the simulation experiment achieved an accuracy of 0.16 m 2 /s 2 (equivalent to 1.6 cm in height) [16]. Although relative accuracies of up to the 10 −19 level can be achieved for comparisons of time and frequency transfer using optical fibers [17], [18], sufficient underground fibers are required to connect two arbitrary stations, which limits its applications, for instance over ocean and mountainous areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geopotential Determination Based on Precise Point Positioning Time Comparison: A Case Study Using Simulated Observation

Cai

Shen

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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According to general relativity theory (GRT), the geopotential difference (GD) can be determined by comparing the change in time difference between precise clocks using the precise point positioning (PPP) time transfer technique, referred to as the relativistic PPP time comparison approach. We focused on high-precision time comparison between two precise clocks for determining the GD using the relativistic PPP time transfer,and conducted simulation experiments to validate the approach. In the experiments, we consider three cases to evaluate the performance of the approach using clocks with different stabilities, namely, the frequency stabilities of the clocks equipped at three selected ground stations are respectively (Case 1), (Case 2), and (Case 3) at time period . Conclusions are drawn from the experimental results. First, high-precision clocks can significantly improve the accuracy for PPP time transfer, but the improvement is limited by measurement noises. Compared to Case 1, the long-term stabilities of OPMT-BRUX as well as PTBB-BRUX are improved in Cases 2 and 3. The frequency stabilities of Cases 1-3 are approximately 4.28 × 10 -16 , 4.00 × 10 -17 , and 3.22 × 10 -17 at 10-day averaging time for OPMT-BRUX, respectively, and for PTBB-BRUX, these values are approximately 3.73 × 10 -16 , 8.17 × 10 -17 , and 4.64 × 10 -17 . Second, the geopotential difference between any two stations can be 13 tdetermined at the decimeter level, with its accuracy being consistent with the stabilities of the time links in Cases 1-3. In Case 3, the determined geopotential differences between OPMT and BRUX deviate from the EIGEN-6C4 model values by -0.64 m 2 /s 2 with an uncertainty of 1.11 m 2 /s 2 , whereas the deviation error between PTBB and BRUX is 0.76 m 2 /s 2 with an uncertainty of 1.79 m 2 /s 2 . The approach prosed in this study can be also applied to testing GRT.

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“…1, and their approach faced the turbulent behavior of the Earth's atmosphere. Recent works aiming to overcome large distances are oriented toward fiber transmission, where a number of projects are using dedicated fibers 2,3 or fibers shared with data transmissions. 4,[6][7][8][9][10] A stable propagation delay in fiber is a crucial parameter for stable and accurate transmissions, but, in addition, optical fibers are influenced by environmental changes around the optical infrastructure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint accurate time and stable frequency distribution infrastructure sharing fiber footprint with research network

Vojtěch

Šlapák

Škoda

et al. 2016

Remote Sensing System Engineering VI

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The infrastructure essentialities for accurate time and stable frequency distribution are presented. Our solution is based on sharing fibers for a research and educational network carrying live data traffic with time and frequency transfer in parallel. Accurate time and stable frequency transmission uses mainly dark channels amplified by dedicated bidirectional amplifiers with the same propagation path for both directions of transmission. This paper targets challenges related to bidirectional transmission, particularly, directional nonreciprocities. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

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Optical frequency transfer with a 1284 km coherent fiber link

Cited by 9 publications

References 23 publications

Simultaneous Transmission of Photonic Services over One Fiber with an ITU 100 GHz Grid

Simultaneous Transmission of Photonic Services over One Fiber with an ITU 100 GHz Grid

Geopotential Determination Based on Precise Point Positioning Time Comparison: A Case Study Using Simulated Observation

Joint accurate time and stable frequency distribution infrastructure sharing fiber footprint with research network

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