Optical Frequency Shifting by Electro-Optic Effect

Buhrer, Carl F.; Baird, D. H.; Conwell, E. M.

doi:10.1063/1.1753701

Cited by 91 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…This phenomenon, called the rotational Doppler shift [1][2][3][4][5], is a macroscopic classical analog of the rotational Raman effect [6]. It has been observed in the past by using mechanical rotation of optical elements [7][8][9][10] and electro-optic effects in a nonlinear crystal subject to a rotating microwave electric field [11].…”

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confidence: 99%

Optics of a Gas of Coherently Spinning Molecules

2014

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We consider the optical properties of a gas of molecules that are brought to fast unidirectional spinning by a pulsed laser field. It is shown that a circularly polarized probe light passing through the medium inverts its polarization handedness and experiences a frequency shift controllable by the sense and the rate of molecular rotation. Our analysis is supported by two recent experiments on the laser-induced rotational Doppler effect in molecular gases and provides a good qualitative and quantitative description of the experimental observations.

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confidence: 99%

Optics of a Gas of Coherently Spinning Molecules

2014

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“…One approach to achieve a shift in frequency is to use an intensity modulator configuration of an electrooptic crystal between left-and right-hand circular polarizers. The electrodes on the modulator must be designed to produce an applied circular electric field [20].…”

Section: Frequency Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electro‐optic Devices

Maldonado

2007

The Optics Encyclopedia

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Electro-optic devices can be designed to modulate various properties of a light wave, including phase, polarization, amplitude, frequency, and even its direction of propagation. Research over the years has focused on developing materials and complementary device geometries that together can yield desirable device performance for a large number of applications. This chapter provides an overview of the fundamental modes of operation for devices that alter the optical properties of materials in a controlled way for achieving light modulation. A mathematical treatment of light propagation in anisotropic and electro-optically active media is presented to enable the device designer to quantify the modulation of light as well as the effects of slight misalignments of the structure on polarization and energy flow. Various classes of materials investigated for electro-optic devices are presented; these include inorganic crystals, organic crystals, liquid crystals, semiconductors, and dye-doped polymers. Possible device geometries include bulk, integrated optical waveguides, and optical fibers. In addition, performance criteria are defined, and a wide range of applications for these devices are summarized.

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“…. Consider circularly polarized light propagating through a medium with rotating optical indicatrix (a single-sideband modulator [4], [5]). Let ω = ϕ/t, V = z/t to be the frequency and velocity of the light wave in the first frame.…”

Section: Three-dimensional Transformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such a rotation is possible as in the Pockels as Kerr crystals and also in the isotropic Kerr medium. The rotation is used in single-sideband modulators [4], [5]. The single-sideband modulation has very interesting features from the theoretical viewpoint.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental verification of a strange transformation for point rotation coordinate frames

Gisin¹

2007

J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.

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In Nature there is no so small thing which, by intend look turned to it, would not grow up to infinity L. N. Tolstoi I. INTRODUCTIONRecently the general linear transformation for point rotation coordinate frames was considered [1]. A distinguishing feature of the frame, in contrast to the Cartesian one, is the existence of the rotation axis at every point. The frame coordinates are an angle and time, the frequency of rotation is a parameter. The concept of the frame originated from the optical indicatrix (index ellipsoid) [2]. Rotation of the optical indicatrix arises in three-fold electrooptical crystals under the action of the rotating electric field applied perpendicular to the optical axis [3]. Such a rotation is possible as in the Pockels as Kerr crystals and also in the isotropic Kerr medium. The rotation is used in single-sideband modulators [4], [5]. The single-sideband modulation has very interesting features from the theoretical viewpoint. In applications it may be used for the frequency modulation and frequency shifting. In contrast to usual modulation such a shifting is "100% transformation" of the initial into output frequency. However at present the modulation practically is not in use. It is connected with the high controlling voltage of bulk modulators [5]; creating waveguide single-sideband modulators calls for considerable technological efforts [6].Two point are essential by the consideration of a plane circularly polarized wave propagating through a medium with the rotating optical indicatrix. That is the necessity to use the non-Cartesian point rotation frame and the necessity to know what is the frequency superposition law by the transition from one rotating frame to another. The usual description in the Cartesian frame tacitly assumes that this law is Galilean or linear one. In this law the frequency of any field may be infinitely large.In the general case considered in [1] the reverse frequency, i.e., the frequency of the second frame relative to the first one, is a function of the direct frequency. However both the frequencies are assumed to be symmetric, i.e., the direct frequency is the same function of the reverse frequency. Using symmetry of the transformation under interchanging coordinates and assuming that this function is kept by such a interchange, it was shown that three different types of the transformation are possible. The first type is a generalization of the Lorentz transformation. The second and third types are principally different and possess unusual properties, in particular, an uncertainty of time determination and solutions with lower and upper frequency boundaries.The point rotation frames have not transverse coordinates, however a coordinate along the axis of rotation can be used as the space coordinate. The approach developed in [1] for two-dimensional (2D) case is unacceptable for the 3D case. In this paper we somewhat modify the approach using again only symmetry. The main idea of the modification is a "velocity invariant" which remains unchanged by replacing any ...

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Optical Frequency Shifting by Electro-Optic Effect

Cited by 91 publications

References 1 publication

Optics of a Gas of Coherently Spinning Molecules

Optics of a Gas of Coherently Spinning Molecules

Electro‐optic Devices

Experimental verification of a strange transformation for point rotation coordinate frames

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