Optical frequency comb with sub-radian CEO phase noise from a SESAM-modelocked 1.5-μm solid-state laser

Schilt, Stéphane; Dolgovskiy, Vladimir; Bucalović, Nikola; Tombez, Lionel; Stumpf, M. C.; Domenico, G. Di; Schori, C.; Pekarek, S.; Oehler, Andreas; Südmeyer, Thomas; Keller, U.; Thomann, P.

doi:10.1364/cleo_si.2011.cfk3

Cited by 11 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…A large phase noise generally affects the CEO beat, whose free-running linewidth is typically in the range from a few kilohertz [27] to a few megahertz [43]. Consequently, a double-balanced mixer (DBM) cannot be directly used as a phase detector as a result of its narrow operation range.…”

Section: Ceo Stabilization Loopmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CEO beat is thus either frequency-divided before being compared to a reference signal in a DBM, or a digital phase detector with a much larger linear phase response is used to measure the phase fluctuations of the CEO beat. For instance, in our comb CEO stabilization experiments [21,27,28,44], we typically used the digital phase detector DXD200 [45] that is also implemented in the frequency combs of the market leader MenloSystems (Martinsried/Munich, Germany) and provides a large linear phase response of ±64π.…”

Section: Ceo Stabilization Loopmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When a tight lock cannot be achieved, the stabilized signal keeps a finite linewidth and one generally refers to this situation as a loose lock (Figure 5a). [27,28]. The upper graphs show the RF spectrum with the presence of a coherent carrier in the case of the tight lock.…”

Section: Ceo Stabilization Loopmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is the most common method to CEO-stabilize fiber laser frequency combs using the self-referencing f-to-2f interferometry method [24]. This method is applicable in a similar way in DPSSLs and constitutes the most common means to CEO-stabilize this type of femtosecond lasers [21,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carrier-Envelope Offset Stabilized Ultrafast Diode-Pumped Solid-State Lasers

Schilt

Südmeyer

2015

Applied Sciences

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Optical frequency combs have been revolutionizing many research areas and are finding a growing number of real-world applications. While initially dominated by Ti:Sapphire and fiber lasers, optical frequency combs from modelocked diode-pumped solid-state lasers (DPSSLs) have become an attractive alternative with state-of-the-art performance. In this article, we review the main achievements in ultrafast DPSSLs for frequency combs. We present the current status of carrier-envelope offset (CEO) frequency-stabilized DPSSLs based on various approaches and operating in different wavelength regimes. Feedback to the pump current provides a reliable scheme for frequency comb CEO stabilization, but also other methods with faster feedback not limited by the lifetime of the gain material have been applied. Pumping DPSSLs with high power multi-transverse-mode diodes enabled a new class of high power oscillators and gigahertz repetition rate lasers, which were initially not believed to be suitable for CEO stabilization due to the pump noise. However, this challenge has been overcome, and recently both high power and gigahertz DPSSL combs have been demonstrated. Thin disk lasers have demonstrated the highest pulse energy and average power emitted from any ultrafast oscillator and present a high potential for the future generation of stabilized frequency combs with hundreds of watts average output power.

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Section: Ceo Stabilization Loopmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ceo Stabilization Loopmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ceo Stabilization Loopmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carrier-Envelope Offset Stabilized Ultrafast Diode-Pumped Solid-State Lasers

Schilt

Südmeyer

2015

Applied Sciences

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“…A loop bandwidth of ≈5.5 kHz is sufficient to completely reduce the frequency noise of the CEO below the β-separation line, indicating that the CEO-beat linewidth is reduced to zero, resulting in the apparition of a coherent peak in the CEO RF spectrum with a sub-radian integrated phase noise, 23,24 which is the characteristic of a tight phase lock. In that case, the small frequency noise occurring at low Fourier frequencies constitutes a very useful signal for the comparison of the discriminators, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Example Of Application Of the Frequency Discriminatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency discriminators for the characterization of narrow-spectrum heterodyne beat signals: Application to the measurement of a sub-hertz carrier-envelope-offset beat in an optical frequency comb

Schilt

Bucalović

Tombez

et al. 2011

Review of Scientific Instruments

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We describe a radio-frequency (RF) discriminator, or frequency-to-voltage converter, based on a voltage-controlled oscillator phase-locked to the signal under test, which has been developed to analyze the frequency noise properties of an RF signal, e.g., a heterodyne optical beat signal between two lasers or between a laser and an optical frequency comb. We present a detailed characterization of the properties of this discriminator and we compare it to three other commercially available discriminators. Owing to its large linear frequency range of 7 MHz, its bandwidth of 200 kHz and its noise floor below 0.01 Hz 2 /Hz in a significant part of the spectrum, our frequency discriminator is able to fully characterize the frequency noise of a beat signal with a linewidth ranging from a couple of megahertz down to a few hertz. As an example of application, we present measurements of the frequency noise of the carrier envelope offset beat in a low-noise optical frequency comb.

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Multimodal nonlinear optical microscopy

Yue

Slipchenko

Cheng

2011

Laser & Photonics Reviews

148

114

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Because each nonlinear optical (NLO) imaging modality is sensitive to specific molecules or structures, multimodal NLO imaging capitalizes the potential of NLO microscopy for studies of complex biological tissues. The coupling of multiphoton fluorescence, second harmonic generation, and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) has allowed investigation of a broad range of biological questions concerning lipid metabolism, cancer development, cardiovascular disease, and skin biology. Moreover, recent research shows the great potential of using CARS microscope as a platform to develop more advanced NLO modalities such as electronic-resonance-enhanced four-wave mixing, stimulated Raman scattering, and pump-probe microscopy. This article reviews the various approaches developed for realization of multimodal NLO imaging as well as developments of new NLO modalities on a CARS microscope. Applications to various aspects of biological and biomedical research are discussed.

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Optical frequency comb with sub-radian CEO phase noise from a SESAM-modelocked 1.5-μm solid-state laser

Cited by 11 publications

References 3 publications

Carrier-Envelope Offset Stabilized Ultrafast Diode-Pumped Solid-State Lasers

Carrier-Envelope Offset Stabilized Ultrafast Diode-Pumped Solid-State Lasers

Frequency discriminators for the characterization of narrow-spectrum heterodyne beat signals: Application to the measurement of a sub-hertz carrier-envelope-offset beat in an optical frequency comb

Multimodal nonlinear optical microscopy

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