Optical Force Effects of Rayleigh Particles by Cylindrical Vector Beams

Abstract

High-order cylindrical vector beams possess flexible spatial polarization and exhibit new effects and phenomena that can expand the functionality and enhance the capability of optical systems. However, building a general analytical model for highly focused beams with different polarization orders remains a challenge. Here, we elaborately develop the vector theory of high-order cylindrical vector beams in a high numerical aperture focusing system and achieve the vectorial diffraction integrals for describing the tight focusing field with the space-variant distribution of polarization orders within the framework of Richards–Wolf diffraction theory. The analytical formulae include the exact three Cartesian components of electric and magnetic distributions in the tightly focused region. Additionally, utilizing the analytical formulae, we can achieve the gradient force, scattering force, and curl-spin force exerted on Rayleigh particles trapped by high-order cylindrical vector beams. These results are crucial for improving the design and engineering of the tightly focused field by modulating the polarization orders of high-order cylindrical vector beams, particularly for applications such as optical tweezers and optical manipulation. This theoretical analysis also extends to the calculation of complicated optical vortex vector fields and the design of diffractive optical elements with high diffraction efficiency and resolution.

Transverse Spin Hall Effect and Twisted Polarization Ribbons at the Sharp Focus

“…From Figure 1, on a full circle around the optical axis, the major axis of the ellipses within the intensity ring is seen to rotate by 2π, implying that Ic = 1. The same conclusion can be drawn from Equation (26), as near the optical axis in the focal plane, the topological charge equals 1 (at n = 3).…”

“…, which becomes equal to zero at 0,2 2,0 0 I I − = . At these points of field Relationship (26) suggests that in the optical axis vicinity, the light is near right-handed circularly polarized. In Figure 1, inside the light-colored intensity ring, the polarization ellipses are near circular and marked red, indicating the right-handed circular polarization.…”

“…The results obtained in this work can be employed for nanostructuring polarizationsensitive materials [17][18][19][20][21], for magnetization and data recording based on the inverse Faraday effect [22][23][24][25], for manipulating microparticles [26][27][28] as well as in optical microscopy [29][30][31].…”