Optical Fiber Sensors for Biocide Monitoring: Examples, Transduction Materials, and Prospects

Abstract

Antifouling biocides are toxic to the marine environment impacting negatively on the aquatic ecosystems. These biocides, namely, tributyltin (TBT) and Cu(I) compounds, are used to avoid biofouling; however, their toxicity turns TBT and Cu(I) monitoring an important health issue. Current monitoring methods are expensive and time-consuming. This review provides an overview of the actual state of the art of antifouling paints' biocides, including their impact and toxicity, as well as the reported methods for TBT and Cu(I) detection over the past decade. The principles of optical fiber sensors (OFS) applications, with focus on environmental applications, and the use of organic chemosensors in this type of sensors are debated. The multiplexing ability of OFS and their application on aquatic environments are also discussed.

Sol-Gel Coating Membranes for Optical Fiber Sensors for Concrete Structures Monitoring

“…This will surely lead to the development of extremely smart systems and new concepts. The reflection of this is the well-known concepts of Lab-on-a-Chip and Lab-in-a-fiber [48].…”

“…Due to its simplicity and versatility, sol-gel technology is widely used in the development of OFS [19,[48][49][50][51][52]. In this process, porous thin films doped with different chemical and biochemical species with sensory abilities, for a given analyte, are easily obtained at room temperature, allowing final structures with mechanical and thermal stability and suitable optical properties [34].…”

“…The application of OIH materials in OFS is promising due to the high stability of the matrix, the wide flexibility in sensor specificity, and the control of porosity and surface properties (hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance). The development of OFS functionalized with OIH materials has already been reported for application in several fields, including biomedical [52], civil engineering [28,[62][63][64], and environment [48,56,65]. Bhardwaj et al [66] reported the development of an OFS for pH detection with different indicators, namely bromophenol blue, cresol red, and chlorophenol red, achieving a pH range between 2 and 13.…”

Robust Transparent Titanium Dioxide Coating Based on the AACVD Process for Anticorrosion Marine Exploration

“…The ocean accounts for 71% of the earth’s surface area, almost 3 times the land area. , In recent years, with the promotion of climate change, marine health, biological resources, and homeland security, exploring and observing the marine environment attracts lots of interest. − Optical sensing technology, especially the application of optical lens, plays an important role in underwater imaging, shooting, and monitoring, , in which the surface quality and optical efficiency of lens have been improved under the action of a variety of coatings. − However, seawater is a typical corrosive solution; corrosion and biological deposition are bound to damage the coating quality of marine exploration lenses. , Therefore, it is an urgent problem to improve the anticorrosion performance while ensuring the light transmittance of the lenses.…”

Detection of the Chilli Leaf Curl Virus Using an Attenuated Total Reflection-Mediated Localized Surface-Plasmon-Resonance-Based Optical Platform

“…Fiber optic sensors (FOSs) − and attenuated total reflection (ATR) sensors − have been proved to have enormous potential for the real-time detection of biomolecules utilizing the concept of the evanescent wave absorption method. Over the last few decades, the functionalized bare FOSs have been widely used to detect hazardous biomolecules with good sensitivity and selectivity.…”